The Importance Of A Child And Caring Environment - 1785 Words

Biology does not make someone a mother, it is their ability to provide a loving and caring environment. For those people unable to have their own children, many turn to adoption. Five million people living in the United States today were adopted as children and 2.4% of American families have adopted children. Additionally, â€Å"Twenty five to forty percent of people say they have considered adoption themselves†(Brown 1). Even with this interest in adoption, it is estimated that 408,425 children are in foster care in the United States. In fact, statistics show that a child can live in twenty foster care homes before they are permanently adopted and â€Å"More than 60% of children in foster care spend two to five years in the system before being adopted† (Brown 1). Although there is clear interest in adoption, the number of children available for adoption and not getting adopted indicates the process is not simple. Barriers to adoption still exists that have not hing to do with a person s ability to provide a loving and caring environment. Sexual preference, race, income, religion, and relationship status affect individuals chances to adopt. Sexual preference is viewed by some to affect a person s ability to raise a child. This information is still believed across the United States although in all of the trials and studies conducted there has been no findings that gay men or women are unfit to be parents. While sixteen percent of childrenShow MoreRelatedLeading From The Heart : Caring, Love, Peace, And Values Guiding Leadership967 Words   |  4 PagesTurkel, M. C. (2014). Leading From the Heart: Caring, Love, Peace, and Values Guiding Leadership. Nursing Science Quarterly, 27(2), 172-177. doi:10.1177/0894318414522663 Two key concepts this article discusses are the importance of self-care and the significance of setting intentions as a nurse. Turkel considers how Watson’s â€Å"practice of loving kindness to self† (2008) is an important basis of leading from the heart. It has been shown that electromagnetic waves from the heart can travel a few feetRead MoreThe Reflection Of Pediatric Nursing1507 Words   |  7 PagesPediatric Urgent Care Nursing Nursing care is studied throughout the world. The study Caring in Pediatric Emergency Nursing was performed by Gordon Gillesipe, Melanie Hounchell, Jeanne Pettinichi, Jennifer Mattei, and Lindsey Rose in order to see what patients and their families valued most and least when it came to nursing care(Gillesipe, Hounchell, Pettinichi, Mattei, Rose 2012). The researchers used the quantitative approach to study 300 participants (Gillesipe et al. 2012). Some questionsRead MoreChild Malnutrition1718 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Malnutrition is the cause of more than half of all child deaths worldwide. Malnourished children have lowered resistance to infection; they are more likely to die from common childhood ailments such as diarrhoeal diseases and respiratory infections. Although the share of children who are malnourished has gradually been declining over the past 25 years, the actual number of malnourished children is still rising in many underdeveloped and developing countries. For example, in 1995,167Read MoreRationale Statement : The Development And Implementation Of The Curriculum1639 Words   |  7 Pagesthe idea of placing the image of the child at the core of pedagogy. He prefers to consider â€Å"each child’s reality, provide comfortable environment, enjoy relationship and work together with children and become totally involved† (Malaguzzi, 1993) in children’s play. As the number of children attending child care centres has continuously increasing, it is the responsibility of the early childhood educators to provide a nurturing, high quality learning environment to the infants and toddlers. The EarlyRead MorePrimary Caregivers Can Not Be Categorized As Adults Caring For Dependents800 Words   |  4 Pagesas adults caring for dependents, parents, or extended family members. Children under 18 years of age are caring for their family unit such as siblings, grandparents, and parents due to circumstances beyond the child’s control. These children have received a classification of parentified child. 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Having opportunities for others shows the concern and importance that is implemented in helping others. A society should be a place where everyone has the chance to grow and live a productive life. No one should be obligated to feel inferior or in fear of another race. Everyone should be given all the resources needed in order for the individual to be successful. A just societyRead MoreMy Reflection Of A Personal Early Childhood Education Philosophy878 Words   |  4 Pages such as: the purpose of education, how children learn best, what should be included in the curriculum, what environment children learn best in, what needs must be met for children to grow and learn, and how I can meet those needs. Every interaction with a child is important, and helps them to grow and develop. I want to create positive experiences, and teach to the needs of each individual child, so they can feel successful and capable, developing to their full potential. My Teaching PhilosophyRead MoreThe Impact Of Teachers, School Social Workers And On An Infant And Toddler Biological Psychological, And Social Emotional Domain1276 Words   |  6 Pagesinfant is a young child from birth to the first year of life. A toddler is a young child from about 12 to 36 months of age.  When engaging with this target group it is important to include and educate the parents as the newborn enters a developmental niche. Hutchinson defines a developmental niche as â€Å"the cultural context into which a particular child is born; guides every aspect of the developmental process.† The developmental niches require a stream of resources, which is why child care and socialRead MoreTheory Of Caring And Nursing Practice1285 Words   |  6 Pages Theory of Caring and Nursing Practice Kimberly Woolsey University of Arizona Annotated Bibliography Emoto, R., Tsutsui, M., Kawana, R. (2015). A Model to Create a Caring and Healing Environment for Nurses in Child and Family Nursing. International Journal for Human Caring, 19, 18-13. Poverty, abuse, bullying, suicide, and other societal difficulties are something no one should encounter, let alone an innocent child. In Japan however, this is a regular occurrence and

Essay on The Welfare Fraud Crisis - 1705 Words

Welfare is intended for families or individuals that are in need of assistance with no or little income. For those who do not know, Welfare funds come from hard working individuals that are required to pay taxes. Now we wonder, are the tax payers’ hard earned money going to the right deserving recipients? Welfare fraud is on the rise in this country. Many are taking advantage of the system taking away the help that is meant for people that truly needed help to provide for their families or people that need assistance until they can stand on their own feet. Statistics clearly show that â€Å"785,000 to 1.2 million families are illegally receiving welfare benefits. At the average rate of $11,500 per year, this means taxpayers are being†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Lana M. and her husband collected welfare benefits in 2003, claiming they earned less than $24,000. But authorities say Lana M., the former office manager of a job-training center for immigrant welfare recipients, also owned a liquor store and recycling business. Authorities say, she drove a $76,000 luxury car, shopped at Neiman Marcus and Saks Fifth Avenue and had $147,980 stashed in her bedroom dresser† (â€Å"Welfare† 7). This case for instance, how did this couple’s income go undetected by the system? How did their greed get away with thousands of dollars they obviously did not need? Not only did they cheat and scam the welfare system and tax payers, but they took away the assistance from a family or individual that where truly seeking aid. While reading through some articles when researching information on this matter I learned that it is not easy to apply for Welfare Programs. Applicants are required to provide important documentations such as â€Å"Source of income, proof of identity, social security cards, proof of residence cost, copy of mortgage payments, pay stubs and applicants are even required to provide saving and checking accounts informat ion and cash on hand† (â€Å"Tips† 7). With all these information in our government’s hand, fraud should be the last thing on peoples’ mind. Tax payers should rest assured that the money they have worked so extremely hardShow MoreRelatedThe Long Term Nature Of The Crisis Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesYeva Nersisyan and Randall Wray’s Minskian analysis of the long term nature of the crisis helps us understand many concepts of Akerlof and Shiller’s Phishing for Phools. George Akerlof and Robert Shiller’s analysis uncovers some of Nersisyan and Wray’s concepts as well. All of these economists show how manipulation and extortion of information can be used to create wealth, whether it’s an individual or the economy as a whole. First off, in both writings, fragility is huge. By definition, fragilityRead More The Negative Effects of Raising the Minimum Wage Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pagesqualify for government benefits they would otherwise not be entitled to. Chris Edwards and Tad DeHaven (2009) estimated that the amount of fraud on federal programs is $100 Billion a year or more. While not that entire amount is attributable to people working on a cash basis and underreporting income, with over 1,800 federal subsidy programs the opportunity for fraud is immense. Jobs that are typically minimum wage are not jobs that are held by highly competitive workers. 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Thirdly, the New Dealers had believed that the immenseRead MoreAn Analytical Comparison Between England And Florida s Child Protection1619 Words   |  7 PagesEastman (2014) both note that serious improvements are needed within England’s child protection services. England and Florida share similar welfare states and benefits systems. Both England and Florida focus on encouraging the able to work, localisation, a fairer benefit system, reduction in the levels of welfare dependency, poverty, worklesssness and fraud (Centre for Policy Studies 2007, Department for Work and Pensions et al 2013, Department for Work and Pensions and Duncan Smith, I 2014). FloridaRead MoreNonprofit Ethics803 Words   |  3 PagesAccounting looks at issues pertaining to transparency, integrity, effectiveness and accountability in the management of the affairs, and all other activities of an organization. The concern is for the welfare, good performance, corporate ethics and morality, as well as social and public responsibility for the good stewardship of governments and not for profit entities. This involves a system to ensure that the organizations obligations to its major stakeholders. The relationship among the manyRead MoreQuestions on Social Administration1228 Words   |  5 Pageslabeled: The Fabian and Marxist Tradition. The former is empiricist as well as reformist in its approach to capitalist system while . The tradition influenced the labor policies of government. The latter, the Marxist tradition, critically abhors the welfare state and its aims for social change. (Phil Lee, Colin Raban, 2007). Brown (1969) defined Social administration as concerned with social problems and with the ways in which society responds to those problem (p.13). Problem solving becomes the rationalRead MoreThe Ford, Firestone, And The Financial Corporations On Wall Street1706 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence may not be used, there are other tactics used that can affect multiple people’s lives, especially in the financial aspect. The powerful actors, simply out of greed, disregard the lower class citizens’ welfare when using and manipulating them much like they did du ring the 2008 financial crisis. 4. How might American cultural values (e.g., the American Dream) contribute to the perpetration of white-collar crime? How might these behaviors actually go against American values? In your estimation,Read MoreGeneral Electric Under Jack Welch999 Words   |  4 PagesStockholders being last as they could not attain their â€Å"full measure of reward† unless the other groups were satisfied first.† Ironically, after Welch’s retirement, he stated in an interview with the Financial Times on the Global financial crisis of 2008-2009, â€Å"On the face of it, shareholder value is the dumbest idea in the world. Shareholder value is a result, not a strategy... your main constituencies are your employees, your customers and your products.†[1]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, during

The Atomic Bomb Helpful or Harmful Essay Example For Students

The Atomic Bomb Helpful or Harmful Essay There used to be a time in America when the name Atomic Bomb seemed fictional to some, non existent to others,and seemed only a dream to those in the science world. That time is long gone.The day that changed all ideas and opinions about what war was and what is has evolved to be was August 6,1945. President Truman had decided to drop the Atomic bomb in order to end the war and save as many lives as possible. The United States had dropped the bomb on Hiroshima in order to end the war almost instantly and avoid bloody invasion, thereby saving both American and Japanese lives. Whether or not to drop the atomic bomb was president Trumans decision, faced with this decision Truman researched and asked advisors to share their ideas about the bomb and then made the best decision for the American and Japanese people. In an invasion of Japan,the fighting would have been more savage, and the number of lives lost on both sides would of been tragic.(ONeal 35) The Atomic bomb was essential in helping to put and end to the war and saving lives. The decision to drop the atomic bomb was made by President Truman . In his decision he states, The only thing that was the right thing to do for the American and Japanese people was to end the war through the use of the atomic bomb. ( ONeal 36) Why all the controversy over the bomb? Historians and people today continue to ask this question along with others. Were the Japanese seriously considering surrendering before the bomb was let off, and was the only way the war could of been ended ended was throughout the bomb? The atomic bomb saved lives on both sides and served its purpose of helping to end the war. The facts remain the Atomic Bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima killed many civilians, but if the war continued to go on it would of killed many more. When President Truman walked in to the White House he had problems and decisions lying ahead of him that he knew little about.In his first few days of briefing from advisors and committee he had said,I have to decide Japanese strategy-shall we invade Japan proper or shall we bomb and blockade? That is my hardest decision to date .but Ill make it when I have all the facts. (Takaki 26) As you can see Truman had no intention of making uneducated decisions and he was by no means in a rush to bomb the Japanese with not being informed of the effects. The bombing of Hiroshima seems cold and heartless, but that is when one is not aware of the other facts pertaining to this war. An American military soldier stationed in Japan tells his of what he saw in Japan, The mass fire bombings that went on for days and would of kept on going if it wasnt for the atomic bomb. Our B-29s for months were flying over Tokyo and Yokohamama,dropping firebombs. We were deliberately trying to burn everybody to death in those to cities so what was worse?(Takaki 29) The Bomb put and end to the war, unlike the mass killings the air raids provided with no real accomplishments. As the war went on, the Japanese made it very clear to the Americans that they would not be surrendering and the Americans kept on increasing the military pressure. Truman believed that the attacking would not stop until Japan provided an unconditional surrender. .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f , .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f .postImageUrl , .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f , .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f:hover , .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f:visited , .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f:active { border:0!important; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f:active , .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uffb22dc87d4fed2faacf9d3899a52d7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Napoleon Animal Farm Essay On July 26,1945 Truman issued the Potsdam Declaration which stated that Japan accept unconditional surrender or be willing to face utter devastation of the Japanese homeland. (Takaki 38) Truman gave the Japanese ample time to avoid destruction and the deaths of their people, yet they did not respond, surrendering would only seem like a dishonor to their land.(ONeal 54) So with all the plans being thought up the atomic bomb was being prepared to go off. The Manhattan Project that was started in 1943 (Blow 53) to study and test the bomb was coming to an end as Truman made his final decision on whether or not the bomb should be used.Truman made the .

Involvement With Nontraditional Parents And Families Of Children With

Involvement with Nontraditional Parents and Families of Children with Exceptionalities Every family is governed by different rules, values, and norms designed to protect and continue the family unit. Rules and norms come from family history, personalities, expectations, and values. Children entering a family impact both the family and child. The child must determine how to fit into this environment and the parents must make time, financial, and priority changes. The traditional family stages (marriage, birth of a first child, leaving home by the last child) are happening less often. Families are in transition - divorce, blended families, single parent, unmarried parents, foster parent, grandparents, and same-gender parents now may be raising the child. Three types of involvement are looked at in this chapter: Separation and Divorce, Blended Families, and Other Nontraditional Families with their impact on the child and the parents. Separation and Divorce The impact on children is often sadness, denial, and fear. The parental relationships have changed. Anger may show toward one or both parents. Male children are more apt to become aggressive, impulsive, and antisocial. The impact on parents stems from the fact that most mothers become the child's custodial parent. Financial problems surface (mothers make half the income of fathers, many families exist below the poverty level because marketable work skills are missing or outdated. Discipline problems routinely occur in single parent families. Personal problems for single parents in the areas of employment discrimination, increased responsibilities, isolation, and loss of status are often reported. Blended Families Issues for children are: loyalties to noncustodial parent and other relatives, authority structure, role development and enforcement. Entering parents may be "perfect parents" and have all the answers. They cannot understand why they do not receive instant love and admiration. Negative feelings really increase when both spouses been children to the new marriage. The lines of authority must be resolved. Financial expectations and understandings must be accepted. Loyalty cannot be demanded by the new parent. The issue is to keep communications lines open as order is established in the new family. Other Nontraditional Families Identification of the many possible "other" families is beyond the scope of the book. Guidelines foe dealing with these families may not be available. The best advice is to recognize that each family is unique and to individualize your method of addressing their issues and needs.

Joy Luck Club essays

Joy Luck Club essays This movie the Joy Luck Club was not that bad. When I first watched this movie, I got bored because the scenes of the movie jumped from one story to another. I did not like that type of movie. But then again, I saw this when I was young. The following paragraph is a brief summary of this movie. At the beginning of the movie, the scene started with a reunion of Suyuans three friends An-mei, Lindo, and Ying-Ying. This reunion is more of a meeting of the Joy Luck Club. Suyuan left China in 1947 during the war after loosing her family and her twin daughters. The twin daughters still remained a mystery of whether or not they are still alive. She settled in San Francisco; she now remarried and has a daughter named June. As growing up, June struggled of understanding her Mom. Her Mom forced her to play the piano by making her practice daily. Both Suyuan and Lindo are very competitive. They like to show off their daughters talent. Waverly is Lindos daughter, and she is a chess prodigy. When Suyuan died, they never did completely resolve their differences. So at that meeting, one of Suyuans friends told June that her sisters are still alive and that she should go and visit them. As the novel ends, she meets her sisters in Shanghai. The second scene focuses on An-mei, who lives with her grandmother because her mother has been disowned. When An-mei is nine, her grandmother dies; and An-mei leaves with her mother to live in the home of a wealthy man and his other wives. An-mei learns how her mother was forced into a dishonorable second marriage and why she has no control over her own life. Her mothers subsequent suicide provides An-mei a better life. An-mei came to San Francisco and got married, and they have seven kids, including Rose. Roses husband was a dermatologist named Ted. Their marriage did not work because he had an affair and now they are divorce. Rose is overwhel...

The History of Google and How It Was Invented

The History of Google and How It Was Invented Search engines, or internet portals, have been around since the early days of the internet. But it was Google,  a relative latecomer, that would go on to become the premier destination for finding just about anything on the World Wide Web. Definition of a Search Engine A search engine is a program that searches the internet and finds webpages for you based on the keywords that you submit. There are several parts to a search engine, such as: Search engine software, including boolean operators, search fields, and display formatSpider or crawler software that reads web pagesA databaseAlgorithms that rank results for relevancy Inspiration Behind the Name The very popular search engine called Google was invented by computer scientists  Larry Page and Sergey Brin.  The site was named after a googol- the name for the number 1 followed by 100 zeros- found in the book Mathematics and the Imagination by Edward Kasner and James Newman. To the sites founders, the name represents the immense amount of information that a search engine has to sift through. Backrub, PageRank, and Delivering Search Results In 1995, Page and Brin met at Stanford University while they were  graduate students in computer science. By January 1996, the pair began collaborating on writing a program for a search engine dubbed Backrub, named after its ability to do backlink analysis. The project resulted in a widely popular  research paper titled The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine. The search engine was unique in that it used a technology they developed called  PageRank, which  determined a websites relevance by taking into account  the number of pages, along with the importance of the pages, that linked back to the original site. At the time, search engines ranked results based on how often a search term appeared on a webpage. Next, fueled by the rave reviews that Backrub received, Page and Brin began working on developing Google. It was very much a shoestring project at the time. Operating out of their dorm rooms, the pair built a server network using cheap, used, and borrowed personal computers. They even maxed their credit cards buying terabytes of disks at discount prices. They first tried to license their search engine technology but failed to find anyone that wanted their product at an early stage of development. Page and Brin then decided to keep Google in the meantime and seek more financing, improve the product, and take it to the public themselves when they had a polished product. Initial Funding The strategy worked, and after more development, the Google search engine eventually turned into  a hot commodity. Sun Microsystems co-founder  Andy Bechtolsheim was so impressed that after a quick demo of Google, he told the pair, Instead of us discussing all the details, why dont I just write you a check? Bechtolsheims check was for $100,000 and was made out to Google Inc., despite the fact that Google as a legal entity did not exist yet. That next step didnt take long, however. Page and Brin incorporated on September 4, 1998. The check also enabled them to raise $900,000 more for their initial round of funding. Other angel investors included Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos.   With sufficient funds, Google Inc. opened its first office in  Menlo Park, California.  Google.com, a beta (test status) search engine, was launched and answered 10,000 search queries every day.  On September 21, 1999, Google officially removed the beta from its title. Rise to Prominence   In 2001, Google filed for and received a patent for its PageRank technology that listed Larry Page as the inventor. By then, the company had relocated to a larger space in nearby Palo Alto. After the company finally went public, there were concerns that the one-time startups rapid growth would change the company culture, which was based on the company motto, Do No Evil. The pledge reflected a commitment by the founders and all employees to carry out their work with objectivity and without conflicts of interest and bias. To ensure the company stayed true to its core values, the position of chief culture officer was established. During the period of rapid growth, the company introduced a variety of products, including Gmail, Google Docs, Google Drive, Google Voice, and a web browser called Chrome. It also acquired streaming video platform YouTube and Blogger.com. More recently, there have been forays into different sectors. Some examples are Nexus (smartphones), Android (mobile operating system), Pixel (mobile computer hardware), a smart speaker (Google Home), broadband (Google Fi), Chromebooks, (laptops), self-driving cars, and numerous other ventures.  Advertising revenue generated by search requests remains its biggest earnings driver, however. In 2015, Google underwent a restructuring of divisions and personnel under the conglomerate name Alphabet. Sergey Brin became president of the newly formed parent company, while Larry Page is the CEO. His position at Google was filled with the promotion of  Sundar Pichai. Collectively, Alphabet and its subsidiaries consistently rank among the top 10 most valuable companies in the world.  Its often also cited among the most influential and admired companies as well.

Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report - Coursework Example This structure is useful to some extent as innovative employees are given the freedom to create new technologies and experiment with them sans any fear of failure. However, this structure also runs the risk of having no leadership in times of crisis, thus harming risk management. In addition, motivation at the company suffers as a result of this organizational structure (Edidin, 2011: p42). Valve does not have visionary leadership that can articulate the company vision to employees, instead relying on their employee handbook to orient and direct employees. Valve also faces potential problems with mentoring employees because of its organizational culture. This report will seek to conduct a case study of Valve Corporation with regards to its organizational structure and motivation of employees. Valve Corporation’s organizational structure and architecture are flat in nature with no managers to manage the more than 300 employees. One of the most interesting aspects of Valve Corporation’s organizational structure is its flat and organic nature. The organic theory of organizational structure posits that an organization’s organic structure is directly linked to a flat structure (Takahara & Mesarovic, 2012: p22). Because there are no managers in the company or management levels for that matter, the employees can communicate more easily with one another, while they also have the power to make decisions. In addition, the organic theory holds that business processes are not formalized, which can be evidenced at Valve Corporation that has no fixed description for employee positions. It is the employees who elect the groups and jobs they would want to work in for a particular period of time. The job descriptions are created by the employees according to the spec ific goals of a project, of which the job descriptions are, therefore, temporary and hold only until the project is completed. This means that there is flexibility in job description within the organization

All population and surveillance the keys to Chinese governmentality as Essay

All population and surveillance the keys to Chinese governmentality as in Europe - Essay Example Borrowing a leaf from one another in development of the state of affairs for human life has been a major practice between societies in the recent human history. Political ideologies have reduced the pace of achievement of a liberal society (Sherman, 2008). Communism in China and capitalism in Europe for instance present a different opportunity for the achievement of such a society. Modern age politics seem to be favoured by a more liberalized approach which integrates government and citizen input towards realization of governmentality. Democracy has been a capitalist ideology well established among the majority of European countries while communist ideology for instance well established in China has taken long to embrace it. Even though China has witnessed many changes especially in economic performance to realize a world podium for economic growth, some pressing issues still persist to acquire complete transformations. Changes in economic systems to accommodate a more liberal state and opening of its doors to international trade are good pointers to better things in the future. Population polices should go deeper than just reducing the numbers but follow ups to ensure that the necessary modern world features balanced with assurance of democratic rights are guaranteed. Stringent measures to reduce hazardous population rise could be handled in other means other than dictatorial force (Eberstadt, 1994). Tracing the population based policy in the context of government ideology from the early Chinese politics, it is apparent that the effect of Liu, Song and Liang Zhongtang is a key factor in the development of the Chinese population policies. While Liu and Song were more educated and held population issues more passionately just like Liang did, even though they held opposing views on population policies. On one hand, Liu and group were of the view that one

Lean Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Lean Supply Chain Management Essay Manufacturing, Fall River, MA, USA Abstract Lean supply is closely associated with enabling ? ow and the elimination of wasteful variation within the supply chain. However, lean operations depend on level scheduling and the growing need to accommodate variety and demand uncertainty has resulted in the emergence of the concept of agility. This paper explores the role of inventory and capacity in accommodating such variation and identi? es how TRIZ separation principles and TOC tools may be combined in the integrated development of responsive and ef? cient supply chains. A detailed apparel industry case study is used to illustrate the application of these concepts and tools. r 2003 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Agile; Trade-offs; Lean; Quick response 1. Introduction Outsourcing manufacture to low cost overseas suppliers is an attractive lure in our global economy, but often undertaken without adequate regard for the market needs and the corresponding demands on the associated delivery systems. Products compete in different ways in different markets and delivery systems need to be designed with this in mind. Offshore supply offers attractive cost bene? ts, but the trade-off is often high levels of inventory to support a slower response capability.

Human Cloning is Against Gods Will :: reproductive technology

Human Cloning is Against God's Will When I first began this essay, I held no stance on the subject of human cloning. After my initial research, I came to the conclusion that there was no real evidence that human cloning should be illegal. My first draft however lacked good arguments. I’ve since returned to the library and took a new look at the problem. And, after more research my stance was changed. Human cloning, while bringing some good, is not God’s will, and any God fearing human should consider human cloning wrong. There are many good reasons why human cloning should not be outlawed. Parents unable to have children could clone themselves. â€Å"If and when human cloning becomes possible, it will represent little more than another step in reproductive technology and one that individuals would be free to choose if they desire† (Hines). The children, being genetic replicas of the parents, would be true offspring. This would comfort the parents in the fact that they truly lived on through their children. This technology could also bring great things to the medical world. â€Å"The technology of cloning may well allow biotechnologists to develop animals which will grow human-compatible organs for transplant. Cloning is likely to be first used to create animals that produce valuable therapeutic hormones, enzymes, and proteins† (Bailey 2). These advances could save many human lives, all through cloning. The cloning of humans could also be applied to endangered animals.  "Cloning something as extinct as the stars of Jurassic Park remains fiction, but Lanza has just received permission from Spain to clone the bucardo, a mountain goat that became extinct when a tree fell on ‘Celia,’ the last of its kind. The tissue was frozen; if it can be cloned in the egg of a common ibex, the bucardo would live again. ‘We hope to have live bucardo kids by early summer,’ says Lanza† (Begley 3). We could take action against the deaths of whole species. This technology could turn the world on its head. However, just like test tube babies were denounced in the sixty’s, we now do the same with cloning. Before the technology has even entered the door, we ask it to leave by not only banning the idea but any research on it. Nevertheless, with enough research these things could be a reality in the future.

Motivation Paper – Organization Behavior

The subject of human motivation is quite complicated for a number of reasons. Firstly, humans mature more slowly than any other organisms on this planet, and for this, the motivational tendencies are acquired more slowly too. Secondly, the individual is dependent on many of his fundamental satisfactions on other people; this is illustrated on his/her use of symbolic language to communicate these needs to others. Motivation is defined as the concept that represents the fundamental influence that drives behavior and providing its direction (Morris et al., 1999, p 284).In organizational behavior the principles in the study of behavior, especially on motivational theories, are applied in the workplace. Such theories help explain what motivates people in their attitudes toward work, their employers and other aspects of employment in general. One major motivational model or theory more often used in organizations and industries is the theory by Abraham Maslow. More prominently called as th e hierarchy of needs, this theory explains an individual’s needs on different levels.On the theory, Maslow defines basic or fundamental needs as the individual’s biological needs like hunger, thirst and rest. Maslow believes that on this basic level lies the â€Å"evolution† of the other so-called â€Å"higher† needs. If the lower levels are not satisfied, the implications mean the individual cannot or will not move onto the higher levels (Morris et al., 1999, p.302).   Maslow’s theory became a phenomenal one especially in industry because of its humanistic desirability; they seemed significant to people. It helps clarify why some work incentives are not effective for some people and situations. And managers in work settings can implement interventions in their workplaces based on their understanding of human behavior according to the hierarchy of needs (Berry, 2002, p. 240).Figure 1.1 The following pyramid diagram illustrates Maslow’s hie rarchical levels where the â€Å"more basic needs must be largely satisfied before higher motives can emerge.† Morris et al. 1999 in A.H.Maslow. Copyright Ó1954 by Harper & Row.Application4D industries’ top management has emphasized productivity as its top priority but where quality of service and loyalty to the company are not to be compromised. However, the company wanted a clear cut procedure on how this will be carried out. The services of OAKZ consultancy was asked to address 4D’s concerns. OAKZ consultancy drew a blueprint with an initial focus on 4D’s administrative staff. The rationale: 4D’s administrative staff has the direct supervision on the company’s production.They also become the top management’s echo or voice regarding company policies and direction; hence, the administrative staff’s critical role in the sales and production or rank and file workers’ output. When the staff doesn’t perform to th eir utmost, this has a domino effect on the whole workforce. This was further enlightened by OAKZ’ consultancy leadership. After a survey from all levels to look into concerns or problems that plague the company, the OD (Organization Development) consultant gave the following recommendations.Since 4D (population 780 inclusive of -rank & file and middle management/administrative staff) is quite huge by rural/county standards, the company has tried to make their interventions as much as possible on a collective manner rather than on an individual set-up. Motivating the 150 administrative staff members to function to their utmost includes 1.) Looking into their status in the company, whether how many are probationary, casuals, contractuals, and permanent,   to determine the extra incentives they will be receiving; 2.) What privileges and perks have they received as a collective group and as individuals, so far; 3.)What forms will the incentives take: i.e. cash and/or travel pr ivileges, others; 4.) The measures that 4D will use to be able to assess the effects of the incentives to the individual workers (HR Metrics). The OD consultant from OAKZ pointed out that based on the Maslow model (above), an assumption is made that these staff members will perform better when their first three level needs will be secured and this is done through the following step: the company should start to give away additional compensation in the form of increased salary commensurate to the output (quality time, punctuality, initiative, attitude, and participation in meetings and work discussions, etc.) of staff members. Underlying principle:This addresses the satisfaction of biological needs; Security Needs (can provide for more than food plus how to make the home more safe etc);   and Belongingness Needs (more freedom to enjoy friendships because they can now afford, or fiends will appreciate them because they are no longer dependent on other people).   The second importan t feature of the proposed program or scheme is the rotation basis (will schedule) for staff members (could either be by twos) to attend national and/or international conferences for professional growth according to their specialty or would-be specialty. This addresses their Esteem and Self-actualization needs.Today, with the monitoring and guidance of the OD from OAKZ consultancy, 4D industries have started to implement the long-term program. There is high morale in the workplace and the rank and file and production people are influenced by the contagious self-confidence of the middle management. There are rumors circulating around that the next plan will soon include their numbers.Reference:1.   Berry, Lilly M.1997. Psychology at Work An introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw Hill.2. Morris, Charles G., and Maisto Albert A., 1999. Understanding Psychology 4th Ed. Prentice Hall. New Jersey.

The comparison of Ben Jonson`s The Alchemist

The comparison of two plays studied in the second semester of the BA English Studies degree This essay is going to look at two plays studied in the second semester of the BA English studies degree- Ben Jonson ‘s The Alchemist and John Webster ‘s The Duchess of Malfl. The essay is going to look at the context of both of these plays, considering that it has had influence on the plot of the plays. There will be a brief pr ©cis of the contents of plays given to be able to discuss differences and similarities of both plays and try to find reasons for them.The satire functions in both plays will also be revealed in this essay. The essay is going to look at satire functions trough different themes that are revealed in both plays such as greed, gender, sexuality, social disintegration and others. Looking at these themes will again refer to the context of the plays to show how important it was at the time when authors created their works and what role does it play nowadays when audience become acquainted with these plays. When looking at any work of literature, the context of the time period, when this piece of work had been created is very important.It tells the reader what was happening at the time and gives him the chance to comprehend how it ffected the work of authors. Both of discussed plays had been created in the seventeenth century which is the early modern period of Europe, therefore these plays have specific differences from the plays that had been created earlier. There are significances of modern literature distinguishable in these plays. Seventeenth century was the zenith of Renaissance and it has been reflected in both plays. There is Italian influence observed in these plays.It has affected the language of texts, the description of settings, character names and other components of plays. References of Italy, Italian and Latin languages are used in texts. An obvious example is the play The Duchess of Malfl which is situated in Italy, uses It alian names for characters and includes the Italian language in the text. ‘A number of important critical contributions over the last decade treat Webster's play as a post-Reformation phenomenon written during a more settled period of the established Anglcan Church.However, English Protestantism still found its identity in relation to the faith it had renounced, namely Catolicism, whose home was Italy where Webster sets The Duchess' (Lucky] 77). When looking at the context of the time, the economic and political conditions in he country are very important as well. The time when these two plays had been created was Jacobean England revealing a particular condition of the country. Satire on different themes in plays can be seen as a response to this condition. A twofold political crisis was looming. The financial needs of the crown, as inflation eroded the yield of crown lands, had increasingly through the sixteenth century to be met by parliament, and under James I the relation ship between crown and parliament was beginning to manitest the serious tensions that were to result in the civil war' Conson 9). Authors of the time were worried about the situation in the country and therefore they discussed issues related to important events in their works.Another reason why they wanted to talk about them was to inform people about what is happening in the country. As situation seemed not very comfortable for English people, authors decided to use satire to let the audience see the happening from aside. Sarcasm was also used to let the audience relax from usual stressful life and have a bit of laugh whilst enjoying the play, at the same time understanding that it reveals the situation of Jacobean England. Religious position of the country plays a big role as well. England was an officially Protestant country, the citizens of which were, by law, members of the Church of England. The Elizabethan religious settlement had, nevertheless, compromised on certain key iss ues of reform in order to accommodate those who might otherwise have been reluctant to accept the new religion, and also to forestall reprisals by the Catholic powers of Europe' Conson 9). As changes in the religious condition of England were going on, the Religion was a very common theme in Jacobean plays.Both of discussed plays include the theme of Religion. All of these current events and positions affected plays at the time because these are the things which interest the audience and makes plays popular. Nothing is more important for people than what is going on around them in their lives, therefore the context of the literature work is very important. The content of both plays is quite different but there can be themes found which are discussed in both plays. This again refers to the context of the time, because themes of plays completely depend on it.The Alchemist is a story about three of the play ‘s central characters, Face, Subtle and Dorothy, who have entered into a contract by which they agree to work together for their mutual benefit- achieving wealthiness for all of them. The scene is set for a comedy of fraudulent characters and their potential victims. As the plot develops the trio struggle to work together because they cannot control each of their desires. The trio ‘s unscrupulous activities stop when Lovewit, the master of the house unexpectedly comes back.The threesome then turn upon each other and the most accomplished trickster of all wins at the end. This is a great comedy satirising greed in Jacobean society. The comedy gives releasing ending by showing that the biggest fraudster of all wins. This is sarcasm on what happens in the real life. The Duchess of Malfl is a story of the widowed Duchess of Malfl who secretly marries her steward Antonio, despite the opposition of her brothers, Duke Ferdinand and the Cardinal.Bosola, a malcontent courtier, is hired by the brothers to discover the secret husband ‘s identity, but th e Duchess bears three children without anyone knowing who the father is. Later, the Duchess is imprisoned and eventually murdered, together with her maidservant Cariola and two of her children. Bosola, who has turned against the brothers, then kills the Ferdinand. The Duchess and the eldest child of Antonio survive and remain thinking about his maternal inheritance. This play is a study of revenge, unlike the comic plot of The Alchemist this is a tragic story with characters dying at the end.It seems like both of these plays are very different but looking closer, it appears that there are similarities in them. Both of the plays reveal present events of the time and both of them satirise these events, they show how England as a country was seen at the time. The most significant difference etween these two plays is the genre, one ot them is a comedy, the other- tragedy, but not taking that into account, the viewer can see that both authors have tried to address the audience in the sam e way, satirising the most common events of their lives in their plays.The reason of different plots of the plays is different standpoints of the authors, but the key ideas are displayed at the same way in both plays. Satire works in both of the plays through different themes. Authors use sarcasm to make plays more interesting and exciting, usually satirising domestic themes. One of the most common themes satirised in Jacobean plays was the greed. The financial situation in the country was unstable therefore everyone tried to get something better for themselves to provide their material status.People were ready to do everything to get something to hold on to and this was very often satirised in the plays. The Alchemist is a striking example of satirised greed in the play. The main aim of all the main characters of the play is to obtain infinite treasure and they are willing to undertake any obligations to reach their aim. Greed is also noticeable in The Duchess of Malfl, in characte rs Ferdinand and the Cardinal, because their action is the result of their greed when they confiscate the Duchess ‘s property and get her banished from the state of Ancona.This play shows the result of the greed when one of the brothers dies at the end, proving that plays not only satirise events but also enlightens viewers and teaches them to not allow the same mistakes as characters in the plays do. Another important theme satirised in The Duchess of Malfl is the status of women and the role of gender in the society. Woman in that period of the time was upposed to be submissive and calm, however, the Duchess went against her brother ‘s wishes and remarried, and this is the reason of the tragedy which would not happen if the Duchess would act like she was supposed to.The play shows that women at the time had no right to have their own point of view and act without coordinating with men; it also shows what happened if someone went against the assumed rules. Both of the p lays satirises the social class system in the Jacobean England. There are members of all social classes shown in the plays revealing the ndications of the social status. Sexuality is also satirised in plays, for example the character of Sir Epicure Mammon in The Alchemist who dreams of drinking the elixir of youth and enjoying fantastic sexual conquests.All of these satirised themes show what worried authors and the audience at the time. Looking at these plays nowadays helps the learner to understand the Jacobean time period in the history of England and see what affected plays at that time. Now the reader can also call together the history of England and nowadays, see what issues had affected English literature and ow it has formed. Looking at two plays from the Jacobean time period has shown that the context of the time has had the biggest influence on the playwrights and their work.Even though Jonson and Webster have created absolutely different plays, they seem to reveal the sam e ideas. Both of the plays satirise themes that had been important at the time and are still important nowadays. Authors used sarcasm to let the audience enjoy the play but also to educate viewers about the situation in the country. Playwrights revealed very important matters in their plays like social tatuses, roles of gender and sexuality, the greediness of people and others and this shows that the audience gets both, emotional and intellectual release when reading or watching these plays.

Comparative analysis of the Promotional Strategies for Red Bull and Coca

Comparative analysis of the Promotional Strategies for Red Bull and Coca Introduction Organisations deploy promotion as a technique of moving their products and services into the market. Technically, promotion refers to â€Å"the advancement of a product, idea, or point of view through publicity and or advertising† (Kurtz 2010, p.13). It has the repercussion of increasing demand of the products and hence the sale volume (Slater Olson 2001, p.1055: Narasimhan 1990, p.243).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Comparative analysis of the Promotional Strategies for Red Bull and Coca-Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper proposes a project entangling conducting a comparative analysis of the promotional techniques that are deployed by Coca-Cola and Red Bull to promote their energy drinks. The choice of this area of research is influenced by the revelation that both companies are ideally engaging in competitive promotional techniques. For instance, Coca Cola has resulted to cre ating awareness of its large pool of products through sports promotions such as the sponsoring of Olympics games. Much similar to this strategy, Red Bull considers and has committed a large portion of its profits in the past in sponsoring sporting activities that cause hefty amusements such as acrobatic and street skateboarding shows and others. Red bull is also a leading sponsor of formula 1 competition while Coca-Cola is also considering sponsoring the same competitions (Sylt 2012, Para. 3). With this competition in promotional techniques deployed by both companies to push their energy drinks into the market in mind, the main question to be answered by the proposed research project is how effective these techniques are in terms of enabling both companies to capture and retain their market shares for their energy drinks. Aims and objectives The objectives of the research are to Analyze comparatively the promotional techniques that are deployed by both Red Bull and Coca-Cola to win markets share for their energy drinks globally. Use the information acquired from the analysis to explain the success of both Red Bull and Coca-Cola in placing and positioning their energy drinks products in a manner that out powers their competitors. However, the main aim of the project is to recommend stronger promotional strategic idea to Coca Cola’s ‘Relentless’ as a good competitor in the market, as Relentless is far away from Red Bull’s promotional strategies Literature Review Various forms of competition have prompted myriads of organisations that are aiming at being globally competitive to seek new methods of marketing their products (Freimer Horsky 2008, p.799). â€Å"Competitive advantage is secured through an intelligent identification and satisfaction of customers’ needs better than competitors and sustenance of customers’ satisfaction through better customer service tools† (Obasan Soyebo 2012, p.1). In the attempt to a cquire requisite responses from the potential customers, marketers deploy a myriad of tools. These tools are termed as marketing mix. McCarthy (1999) coined and used P’s to describe these marketing mixes in which he argues that the umbrella of the marketing mix comprises the price, promotion, and product, and place (p.24). With the appropriate combination of these elements, an organisation can develop a strategy that will enable it reach large numbers of people within the target segments (Shannon1996, p.57). However, in the determination of these mixes, the time through which changes can be effected is crucial.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this end, Obasan and Soyebo (2012) assert, â€Å"Typically, a firm can change its price, sales-force size, and advertising expenditures in the short run† (p.2). On the other hand, an organisation will have to take a lot of time to create new products. Consistent with this argument, Obasan and Soyebo (2012) reckon, â€Å"firms typically make fewer period-to-period marketing-mix changes in the short run than the number of marketing-mix decision variables might suggest† (p.2). Among the four 4P’s, promotion (communication) is the element of the marketing mix principally aimed at helping to win a market share for a company. Products can be promoted in valid ways, which are realised through a variety of media options. With regard to Kurtz (2010), â€Å"promoters use the internet advertisement, special events, endorsements, and newspapers to advertise their products† (p.67). Tantamount to this claim, both Coca-Cola and Red Bull have embraced various media to promote their energy drinks. For instance, â€Å"from localised marketed adaptation, Red Bull looks to standardise its marketing strategies, advertising, and image through communication in extreme sports, as this i s consistent worldwide† (Louvet 2011, Para.16). This strategy could be incredibly effective in enabling the company to hike its sales for Red bull’s energy drink. In most instances, the sporting games are normally watched across the globe. According to Louvet’s (2011) insight, â€Å"Red Bull’s innovative communication strategy aims to invest massively (15% of its turnover every year) in sponsoring athletes and even entire teams in specific sports, which offer dramatic shows, which are watched all over the planet† (Para.17). This will consume an enormous portion of Red Bull’s profits. Therefore, the proposed research will focus on evaluating whether such a strategy is worthy. In case of the Coca-Cola Company, the research will investigate the strategies put in place by the company to sponsoring sports as a mechanism of ensuring that its marketing campaigns for her energy drinks, particularly ‘Relentless’, reach an incredibly large number of people. This quest is arrived at through consideration of Malcolm‘s argument that Coca-Cola utilises the Olympics games and other sporting events to ruthlessly promote her energy products. Additionally, Coca-Cola Company argues, â€Å"As one of the longest continuous sponsors of the Olympic Movement, we are proud that we are able to use our sponsorship to enable millions of people to experience the Gameswe have a valid role to play† (Malcolm 2012, Para.8). In the same light, it is also widely conceivable that, without sponsorships, it becomes immensely hard for sportsmen and sports women to display their talents in the international games. Indeed, this stands out as the trick behind Red Bull’s strategic promotion decisions to capitalise on sponsoring sporting activities that cause amusements, which attract large number consumers for her Red bull energy drink (Gerhard 2004, p.8).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Comparative a nalysis of the Promotional Strategies for Red Bull and Coca-Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Now, it will be paramount to evaluate whether Coca Cola’s ‘Relentless’ strategy and Red Bull’s promotional tactics rest on platforms of marketing by conducting an intensive research on the mechanisms deployed by both companies to push ‘Relentless’ and Red bull to the market. The discussions above establish similarities between the promotional techniques of both Red Bull and Coca-Cola as the basis for conducting a research on the effectiveness of the marketing/promotional techniques by both companies. One of the phenomena and iconic marketing strategies of the Red Bull that distinguishes it from the ‘Relentless’ promotional techniques adopted by Coca-Cola is the street promotional strategy. As Louvet (2011) reckons, this is a promotional strategy aimed at ensuring that the company remains close to the consumers as much as possible (Para. 4). Essentially, the promotional strategy involves advertising through a ‘wings team’ whose main objective is to create close relationships with the consumers so that they can discover Red Bull’s product. The ‘wings team’ also â€Å"talks with consumers about this controversial product conveying the information from consumers to the company about their appreciation or dissatisfaction with the product† (Louvet 2011, Para.6). In the context of this research, the question will be how effective the technique is in out powering competing products such as those of the Coca-Cola Company. More often than not, the ‘wings team’ comprises beautiful women. However, as argued before, Red Bull is a globalising company much like Coca-Cola. Consequently, in its street promotional strategy, how does Red Bull counter cultural conflicts especially in nations like those located in the Middle East, which ar e opposed to portrayal of beautiful women as representation of products quality? Opposed to Coca-Cola’s ‘Relentless’ promotional strategies, Red Bull argues that the most substantive methodology of making sure that her Red bull energy drink product is close to consumers is by hiring consumers to execute promotional campaigns. Consequently, the company appoints students as brand managers in colleges and universities. According to Louvet (2011), the main roles of the students’ brands managers are â€Å"to ensure that Red Bull is present at every strategic moment in the students’ social calendar: integration week-end, sportive events, and big parties† (Para.9). However, both companies spend incredible amounts of their money in social media, TV, and other means of advertisements.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More CSR is also an enormous mechanism that is used to bring the products of both Red bull and Coca Cola closer to the consumers. For instance, Kumar (2011) reckons, â€Å"the current promotions through CSR include â€Å"Support my school† campaign with NDTV† (p.347). The question whose response is sought by the proposal with regard to these arguments by conducting a research on the promotional techniques for Red bull and Coca Cola is how both companies quantify the magnitudes of financial commitment in any of the above cited valid approaches used to promote Red bull and Coca Cola. Research Methodology This project utilises two approaches to garner data. The first approach entangles secondary research while the second approach encompasses conducting a primary research. For the first approach, a literature review is completed on the manner in which both Red Bull and Coca-Cola have been promoting i.e. branding, messaging, and positioning Red bull and Coca Cola. The effectiven ess of these approaches in increasing sales volumes of the organisations’ products (Red bull and Coca Cola) is evaluated in the context of the existing body of knowledge on effectiveness of various promotional techniques. In the second instance, the research paper interviews sales managers of both companies in various different outlets for each company’s cited products above. The interview questions focus on areas such as how both companies carry out their market segmentation, how they combine their 4Ps to realise an effective marketing strategy, and methods of marketing communication they deploy. The methods reflected in the interview questions include advertising i.e. Sport Marketing and TV/Cinema. They also include sales promotion such as loyalty and incentives besides public relations such as events, sponsorships, sports-clothes, relationships, and personal selling. Further, they include experimental marketing such as exhibitions. Direct Marketing techniques such a s packaging design and sampling are also considered. Pricing strategies are also incorporated together with digital marketing techniques, which include company websites, social media such as Facebook, twitter and YouTube. To back up the information garnered from the interview questions, an analysis of the sales of Red bull and Coca Cola is conducted. How to gain access to stakeholders To gain access to the necessary stakeholders of the organisations to interview them, calls will be made to book for an interview with them. Since the research must be done in the context of the time frameworks of both organisations, the researcher will fix interview times that are consistent with the time programs of the person to be interviewed. Problems: likely problems, limitations, and methods of resolution Every research method has its advantage sand disadvantages (Wilson 2010, p.56: Bryman Bell 2007, p.31). From one end, this research garners data using secondary means of data collection. This i ntroduces a major problem articulated to the reliability of the data in terms of the data’s ability to reflect an up-to-date situation of the companies under scrutiny. However, this problem is mitigated by deploying primary means of data collection to ensure that up-to-date information is acquired. For this purpose, direct interviews are used to collect the primary data. Unfortunately, problems associated with direct interviews are introduced. One of the major challenges is the unwillingness and the ability of the interviewee to cooperate fully with the study. Since the major problems caused by lack of cooperation in many interviews are related to the perception that the interviewer consumes the interviewees’ time meant to carry out organisational work (Wilson 2010, p.91), conducting research as per prior arrangements with the interviewees helps to mitigate the problem. Project Plan In any project, time is required to prepare for the interviews and or for arranging on how the data will be analysed among other activities. This research will be completed within three months. The table below shows an exclusive plan for all the activities of the research. Time schedule for the research Task activity Start date End date Time remaining Task 1 making call for interview bookings 1/12/2012 5/12/2012 5 Task 2 Development interview questions 6/12/2012 19/12/2012 14 Task 3 Addressing interviewees 4/01/2013 15/01/2013 12 Task 4 Analysis of interview responses 16/01/2013 3/02/2013 18 Task 5 Report compilation 5/02/2013 17/02/2013 13 Task 6 Linking the results of interview responses and the literature review results 23/02/2013 27/02/2013 5 Task 7 Derivation of deductions 28/02/2013 1/03/2013 4 Conclusion This paper is a proposal that seeks to comparatively analyse the promotion techniques that are deployed by Red Bull and Coca-Cola Company to promote their energy drinks into the market. Many organisations consider introducing new products as ample mechanisms of improving the competitiveness of the organisations. However, drawing from the literature review, this is not always the case. While Coca-Cola Company has introduced many energy drinks products to meet the needs of its customers, Red Bull on the other hand has managed to secure an ample share of the energy drinks’ market through only one product (Red bull). One of the critical similarities is that the companies promote sporting activities for instance Olympics for the case of Coca Cola and street skateboarding, ski and formula 1 for the case of Red Bull, as some of the strategies for displaying their products (Red bull and Coca Cola) to the entire world. In the paper, a research is proposed to comparatively analyse the promotional strategies for Red bull and Coca Cola coupled with effectiveness of each of the strategies. The main aim was to to recommend a strong promotion strategic idea to Coca Cola’s Relentless to be a good competitor in the market , as it is currently far away from Red Bull’s strategies. References Bryman, A Bell, E 2007, Business Research Methods, OUP, New York, NY. Freimer, M Horsky, D 2008, ‘Try It, You Will Like It: Does Consumer Learning Lead to Competitive Price Promotions?’, Marketing Science, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 796-810. Gerhard, G 2004, ‘The Powerful Sales Strategy behind Red Bull’, Selling Power Magazine, vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 1-11. Kumar, A 2011, ‘Marketing Mix of Coca-Cola’, Journal of International Marketing, vol.12 no.1, pp. 345-351. Kurtz, D 2010, Contemporary Marketing, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Louvet, C 2011, Red Bull: A Brand Built on Marketing. Web. Malcolm, C 2012, Olympic Sponsorship: Must It Be So Unhealthy? Web. McCarthy, J 1999, Basic Marketing: A Managerial Approach, Irwin, Homewood, IL. Narasimhan, C 1990, ‘Managerial Perspectives on Trade and Consumer Promotions’, Marketing Letters, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 239-251 . Obasan, K Soyebo, A 2012, ‘Assessing the Effectiveness of Promotion as a Marketing Management Tool in the Nigerian Telecommunication Industry’, Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, vol.3 no. 1, pp. 1-6. Shannon, R 1996, ‘The New Promotions Mix: Proposed Paradigm, Process, and Application’, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 56-68. Slater, S Olson, E 2001, ‘Marketing’s Contribution to The Implementation of Business Strategy: An Empirical Analysis’, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1055-1067. Sylt, C 2012, Formula 1 Business: Coca-Cola favors energy drinks brand for sponsorship. Web. Wilson, J 2010, Essentials of Business Research: A Guide to doing your Research Project, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Chemistry Experiments With Pennies

Chemistry Experiments With Pennies Use pennies, nails, and a few simple household ingredients to explore some of the properties of metals: Materials Needed 20-30 dull pennies1/4 cup white vinegar (dilute acetic acid)1 teaspoon salt (NaCl)1 shallow, clear glass or plastic bowl (not metal)1-2 clean steel screws or nailswatermeasuring spoonspaper towels Shiny Clean Pennies Pour the salt and vinegar into the bowl.Stir until the salt dissolves.Dip a penny halfway into the liquid and hold it there for 10-20 seconds. Remove the penny from the liquid. What do you see?Dump the rest of the pennies into the liquid. The cleaning action will be visible for several seconds. Leave the pennies in the liquid for 5 minutes.Proceed to Instant Verdigris! Pennies get dull over time because the copper in the pennies slowly reacts with air to form copper oxide. Pure copper metal is bright and shiny, but the oxide is dull and greenish. When you place the pennies in the salt and vinegar solution, the acetic acid from the vinegar dissolves the copper oxide, leaving behind shiny clean pennies. The copper from the copper oxide stays in the liquid. You could use other acids instead of vinegar, like lemon juice. Instant Verdigris! Note: You want to keep the liquid you used to clean the pennies, so dont dump it down the drain!After the 5 minutes required for Shiny Clean Pennies, take half of the pennies out of the liquid and place them on a paper towel to dry.Remove the rest of the pennies and rinse them well under running water. Place these pennies on a second paper towel to dry.Allow about an hour to pass and take a look at the pennies you have placed on the paper towels. Write labels on your paper towels so you will know which towel has the rinsed pennies.While you are waiting for the pennies to do their thing on the paper towels, use the salt and vinegar solution to make Copper Plated Nails. Rinsing the pennies with water stops the reaction between the salt/vinegar and the pennies. They will slowly turn dull again over time, but not quickly enough for you to watch! On the other hand, the salt/vinegar residue on the unrinsed pennies promotes a reaction between the copper and the oxygen in the air. The resulting blue-green copper oxide is commonly called verdigris. It is a type of patina found on a metal, similar to tarnish on silver. The oxide forms in nature as well, producing minerals such as malachite and azurite. Copper Plated Nails Place a nail or screw so that it is half in and half out of the solution you used to clean the pennies. If you have a second nail/screw, you can let it sit completely immersed in the solution.Do you see bubbles rising from the nail or the threads of the screw?Allow 10 minutes to pass and then take a look at the nail/screw. Is it two different colors? If not, return the nail to its position and check it again after an hour. The copper that coats the nail/screw comes from the pennies. However, it exists in the salt/vinegar solution as positively charged copper ions as opposed to neutral copper metal. Nails and screws are made of steel, an alloy primarily composed of iron. The salt/vinegar solution dissolves some of the iron and its oxides on the surface of the nail, leaving a negative charge on the surface of the nail. Opposite charges attract, but the copper ions are more strongly attracted to the nail than the iron ions, so a copper coating forms on the nail. At the same time, the reactions involving the hydrogen ions from the acid and the metal/oxides produce some hydrogen gas, which bubbles up from the site of the reaction - the surface of the nail or screw. Design Your Own Experiments with Pennies Explore chemistry using pennies and ingredients from your kitchen. Household chemicals that can clean or discolor your pennies include baking soda, vinegar, ketchup, salsa, pickle juice, detergent, soap, fruit juice... the possibilities are limited only by your imagination. Make a prediction about what you think will happen and then see if your hypothesis is supported.

Justice Opinion on Hollingsworth v. Perry Essay

Justice Opinion on Hollingsworth v. Perry - Essay Example In the year 2000, the state of California conceded Proposition 22, which became an initiative ruling reaffirming that understanding. Proposition 22 became invalidated by the Supreme Court which demanded that marriage should be redefined to involve homosexual couples (Eskridge 96). Some six months later, the citizens of California took on Proposition 8 that amended the Constitution of California stating that; only heterosexual marriage is valid and can be the only one recognized within California. Perry, et al sued this proposition claiming that it was violating the rights of equal protection under the 14th Amendment (Egan and Sherrill 203). Outcome In an outstanding, although conceivably transitory, victory for equality in marriage, a state appeal panel of the Court invalidated the infamous Proposition 8 of California, an initiative at the ballot that had overturned homosexual marriage within the state. The 9th Circuit made Romer v. Evans the controlling precedent. In a majority opin ion, it could be affirmed that, Proposition 8 plays no plausible, legitimate interest of the state and the only rationale of the initiative’s upholders would be to declare the immaterial worth of lesbians and gays as a category and could humiliate a disfavored class publicly (Eskridge 127). Of course, the proponents of Proposition 8 disputed that, the constitution has no marriage mention in any way thus; states are obligatory to characterize marriage within the 10th Amendment (Horne, Rostosky and Riggle 362). These proponents also uphold the view that customary marriage definition is rationally linked to the vital interest of the society in necessitating the distinctive procreative possibility of heterosexual relationship in enhanced, stable unions for the principles of procreating and bringing up the coming generations. However, the court argued that, Proposition eight was only trying to uphold anti-equality models in the state. The 9th Circuit majority affirmed that Proposi tion 8 undermined the equal protection clause within the United States’ Constitution (Eskridge 95). Syllabus The legal provisions being appealed in this case involve the 14th and 10th Amendments, the strict scrutiny test, and Proposition 8 that became passed by the California citizens. Under the 14th amendment of the U.S. constitution, the equal protection clause offers that any state whatsoever must not deny to any individual within its command the equal defense of the statute. The 10th Amendment signifies that, states have the authority to control marital matters. The federalism system dictates the powers of policing that the state must possess. In other words, the proponents of Proposition 8 signified that the constitution has no marriage mention in any way thus; states are obligatory to characterize marriage within the 10th Amendment (Lannutti 43). That is; in this docket of power, states have generally had jurisdiction to control marriage. Although, the opponents of Prop osition 8 declare that, the 10th Amendment must not be platform used to jeopardize the citizen’s right of equal protection as affirmed under the 14th Amendment. In the argument regarding the 14th Amendment, it became clarified if the states can amend their constitutions to recognize marriage as the union of one woman and one man and whether it violated the equal protection provision. In this case, Proposition 8 cannot withstand strict scrutiny. That is; the proponents fail to

Cloud Computing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cloud Computing - Case Study Example This is achieved through being allowed to pay at a very low rate the capacity which they use only (AmazonWebService, November 2012). The provision of Software-as-a-Service and Infrastructure-as-a-Service offloads the burden of constantly updating systems both hardware and software from the consumer to service provider. In this regard Ericsson rides on the latest and updated systems handing at no extra cost. Cloud based systems such as the ones offered by AWS are accessed through web APIs which can be remotely accessed from virtually anywhere in the world offering a very flexible and highly convenient system which to international companies such as Erickson redefines global outreach literally. Furthermore Cloud based systems are a 24 hour service which allow round the clock access as a results clients are able to get an on demand availability of their data and systems. On demand systems offered by AWS Allows ericsson to work only with the capacities they require as and when they are n eeded as such no resource goes to waste of idle time and they freed from costs arising from long term planning upgrades and maintenance of systems. The fact that Ericsson runs mobile networks, a real-time on demand availability of their systems offers a cutting edge market advantage over their competitors (Dodani, 2009). Ericsson cloud based systems uses Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Amazon Simple Storage Services (S3), and Rightscale. These are powerful and robust services provided by Amazon designed to simplify cloud computing. Amazon EC2 for example provides a complete control of the system as if it were on premise by allowing users to obtain and configure their systems capacity with a lot of ease. Acquisition and booting a new server through Amazon EC2 has been simplified providing a quick means of either increasing or decreasing capacity depending with system requirements (AmazonWebService, November 2012). This is a highly scalable

Right-to-die Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Right-to-die - Essay Example Some of the ways through which this can be achieved is by assisted suicide. This is the main focus of this research. This entire issue of ending one’s life is one that has elicited a lot of debate in the modern times. The major reason that has sparked this debate is just because at the center of this issue is that it is a person’s life that is in question. There are proponents of both sides. There are the individuals who are for the idea with the thought that issue of mercy-killing is morally acceptable. In fact what is being said is that there is a right to death. The example of such proponents might be seen in the members of Voluntary Euthanasia Society of Scotland. At the same time there are those proponents who are totally against this whole issue of this type of life termination. These individuals are of the opinion that the taking of a person’s life is unacceptable under any circumstance. In some cases, it can be said that suicide is acceptable, only that i t has not been put up in the books of law. However, the issue of doctors assisting the patient to commit suicide is a whole story altogether (Whiting, n.p.). One of the major opponents of the whole euthanasia issue since time immemorial has been the Catholic Church. There are some very few countries which permit euthanasia. However, this is under very specific circumstances. An example of such a circumstance is when a person is in excruciating pain. However, even though these few circumstances may allow for mercy-killing, there has to be sufficient evidence to furnish this sort of action (Manoj, n.p.). It is also important to note that there are those countries that are adamant in acceptance of this issue, regardless of the state of the patient. An example of such a country is Japan or even Columbia. What happens in these countries is that the patient is just left to be in the state in which he or she is in until his or her body eventually gives in. On critical examination of the po sition that is held in this case is that there will be the questioning of whether the right action has been taken. Would it be right to kill the person with the intention of helping them avert the pain that is associated with their current state or would it be logical and in order to let the person be in that state of pain in their deathbed (Whiting, n.p.). These and many others are some of the questions that leave people at crossroads when the issue of euthanasia pops up in forums and discussions. In the United States for example Euthanasia is not acceptable in all the states. This is under the homicide law. According to Wisconsin Laws, the act of mercy-killing is not acceptable in any way. So despite of all these arguments are there any good things or benefits that are associated with the act of euthanasia? Well the so-called benefits that are associated with this practice are also under question. The first benefit that is brought forth in this connection is that it alleviates the sick individual from the pains and troubles that are associated with his or her ailment (Manoj, n.p.). Another benefit that may be seen in this case will be realized by the family and friends of the patient. This is because it will save them on the health costs that they have been incurring for the purpose of taking care of the sick individual. In this same relation it is argued that the resources that are used on the person who is terminally ill could

Study Of Organizations Behavior

Study Of Organizations Behavior Formal and informal framework of policies and rules , within which an organization arranges its lines of authority and communications , and allocates rights and duties. Organizational structure determines the manner and extent to which roles , power , and responsibilities are delegated, controlled, and coordinated, and how information flows between levels of management . This structure depends entirely on the organizations objectives and the strategy chosen to achieve them. In a centralized structure, the decision making power is concentrated in the top layer of the management. Structure is the pattern of relationships among positions in the organisation and among members of the organisation. Structure makes possible the application of the process of management and creates a framework of order and command through which the activities of the organisation can be planned, organised directed and controlled. .Culture in Organizations These are the informal values, norms and beliefs which control how individuals and groups in an organization interact internally and externally. This in turn shapes attitude and behavior and the quality of inter group relationships again to achieve organizational goals. Lateral Horizontal Top Vertical Bottom Values and Norms Culture in organization has two founding values: Terminal Value; is linked to desire goals e.g. excellence, quality, morality, stability, profitability. Instrumental Value; is linked to desire modes of behavior for the organization e.g. hard work, tradition, respect for authority, risk taking, honesty, standards of service, dress code. Norms; specific norms emerge as a result of shared experiences over time which became expectations for behavior. These result in rules for conduct e.g. courtesy, cleanliness, grooming, teamwork, information sharing, and cooperation. The Source of Values Norms Edward Scheins approach to culture claims that it can be understood at 3 levels. Basic Assumptions: unconsciously learned responses based upon perception. Values and Beliefs: consciously help concepts as a result of experiences. Visible Artifacts: physical evidence e.g. office design, layout and dress code. Cultural Dynamics A set of beliefs and assumptions held commonly throughout the organization, taken for granted in that organization, but discernible to the outside observer in the stories of organization history and explanation of events. Company Information The Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) group is one of the worlds leading financial organizations. It was founded in 1865 in china. Since then the bank expanded rapidly with an emphasis up representation in China and also other parts of Asia, Europe and America. In the mid 1950s HSBC embarked on a strategy of pursuing profitable growth through acquisitions as well as organic development. After conducting my research into global business of HSBC bank, we have identified that London offers tremendous opportunities for HSBC which make businesses want to operate in those markets. HSBC Culture Operational Strategy: The Worlds Local bank HSBC differentiates itself from its competitors by its branding. The strong tag line the worlds local bank reflects the HSBC approach towards powerful branding. This brand image has been the result of many years of investment in the companys corporate image and culture that attracts and maintains satisfied customers and employees. HSBCs understanding and experience of multiple markets and local knowledge have contributed towards its brand success. HSBC has branches in 76 countries and the strategy used is Think Global, Act Local. Corporate Social Responsibility: HSBC like many other major companies from different industries believes in sharing its success by giving it back to the community. The application of corporate social responsibility is mandatory for all companies doing business. This being thought as a liability could also provide a company with the tools to promote its brand image with in communities. They are aware of the social responsibilities of economy management, community and environment. HSBC has undertaken activities such as environmental protection projects, successful and honest business practices, educational programs, undergraduate scholarships and funding local community projects. They also undertake volunteer charity and community work. Human Resource Management: HSBC employs over 284,000 people worldwide. They understand the benefits and competitive advantage of having a smart, loyal and well educated workforce. HSBC encourages workforce diversity in order to create the finest employee network and a corporate culture that celebrates differences, empathy and integrity. They employ the best qualified individuals, regardless of their nationality to manage top-level operations. However they employ local country staff to manage day to day and branch operations because they know they local business environment and this strategy also helps the foreign company be accepted by the local society. HSBC Principles Values The HSBC Group is committed to five Core Business Principles: Outstanding customer service Effective and efficient operations Strong capital and liquidity Conservative lending policy Strict expense discipline Employee Benefits Rewards In return for employees dedication and hard work, HSBC offer a very attractive and competitive benefits package with rapid rewards for the right people. While different roles come with different rewards, the following is a guide to the kind of package they offer: Performance-related bonus scheme Pension 25 days holiday Private medical insurance Life insurance Preferential rates on a range of HSBC products Season ticket loan Sports and social scheme Employee assistance programs Corporate discounts HSBC Structure Corporate Governance: HSBC is committed to high standards of corporate governance. HSBC Holdings has complied throughout with the applicable codes provided by the Combined Code on Corporate Governance issued by the Financial Reporting Council and the Code on Corporate Governance Practices in Appendix 14 to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. The Board of HSBC Holdings has adopted a code of conduct for transactions in HSBC Group securities by Directors that complies with The Model Code in the Listing Rules of the Financial Services Authority and with The Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Issuers (Hong Kong Model Code) set out in the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, save that The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong has granted certain waivers from strict compliance with the Hong Kong Model Code, primarily to take into account accepted practices in the UK, particularly in respect of employee share plans. Following a specific enquiry, each Director has confirmed he or she has complied with the code of conduct for transactions in HSBC Group securities throughout the period. Board Committees: The Board has appointed a number of committees. The following are the principal committees: Group Management Board Group Audit Committee Remuneration Committee Nomination Committee Corporate  Sustainability Committee HSBC structure is matrix structure, because they have teams of people from various sections of the business, these teams will be created for the purpose of a specific purpose of a specific project and will be led by a project manager, often the team is only exists for the duration of the project and matrix structure are usually deployed to develop new products and services. Relationship between Culture and Structure Organizational Culture : a group of mutually interacting people with negotiated , shared values , understandings ,norms , ideals , way of life and the way of looking at the world and their place in it .The way a structure or culture is designed or evolves over time affects the way people and groups behave within the organization. Structure and culture affect: Behaviour Motivation Performance Teamwork and cooperation Intergroup and Interdepartmental relationships Organizational culture is more of a larger picture, a more general term that refers to a large umbrella of smaller topics and issues within an organization. The structure refers to the infrastructure, and the various methods and practices within that infrastructure, that helps an organizational culture run with the efficiency and consistency that should be the hallmark of any healthy organizational structure, whether it is in a corporation, sports team, or any other set up that is large enough to create its own organizational culture. This makes the structure an integral part of any organizational culture, but also narrows out a very specific segment of the culture as its own responsibility. Organizational structure will deal primarily with the set up of the culture. How management works, which specific responsibilities supervisors have, how a complaint is passed through the ranks-these are all issues within the organizational culture that are directly tied to how an organizational structure works. The structure is not limited to those three examples, but it would certainly include all of them. TASK 2 Styles of Management Management is tasks, Management is a discipline. But management also people. Every achievement of management is the achievement of a manager. Every failure is a failure of a manager. People manage rather than forces or facts .The vision, dedication and integrity of managers determine whether there is a management or mismanagement Stewart, R, Management and organizational behaviour, Sixth Edition, Laurie J Mullins. Prentice Hall (2002) Management takes place within a structured organizational setting with prescribed roles. It is directed towards the achievement of aims and objectives through influencing the efforts of others. This role encouraged a lot of writers to study management aspects, where they came out with theories thats become the sprit of management thinking. Scientific Management: F. W. Taylor. Taylor formalized the principles of scientific management, 1909, he published the book for which he is best known, Principles of Scientific Management. In his own words he explained: The old fashioned dictator does not exist under Scientific Management. The man at the head of the business under Scientific Management is governed by rules and laws which have been developed through hundreds of experiments just as much as the workman is, and the standards developed are equitable. Management Leadership According to John P. Kotter in his book, A Force for Change: How Leadership Differs From Management (The Free Press, 1990), managers must know how to lead as well as manage. Without leading as well as managing, todays organizations face the threat of extinction. Management is the process of setting and achieving the goals of the organization through the functions of management: planning, organizing, directing (or leading), and controlling. A manager is hired by the organization and is given formal authority to direct the activity of others in fulfilling organization goals. Thus, leading is a major part of a managers job. Yet a manager must also plan, organize, and control. Generally speaking, leadership deals with the interpersonal aspects of a managers job, whereas planning, organizing, and controlling deal with the administrative aspects. Leadership deals with. Theory X (Authoritarian Management Style): The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he or she can. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organizational objectives. The average person prefers to be directed; to avoid responsibility; is relatively less ambitious, and wants security above all else. Theory X basically holds the belief that people do not like work and that some kind of direct pressure and control must be exerted to get them to work effectively. These people require a rigidly managed environment, usually requiring threats of disciplinary action as a primary source of motivation. It is also held that employees will only respond to monetary rewards as an incentive to perform above the level of that which is expected. From a management point of view, autocratic (Theory X) managers like to retain most of their authority. They make decisions on their own and inform the workers, assuming that they will carry out the instructions. Autocratic managers are often called authoritative for this reason; they act as authorities. This type of manager is highly tasked oriented, placing a great deal of concern towards getting the job done, with little concern for the workers attitudes towards the managers decision. This shows that autocratic managers lose ground in the work place, making way for leaders who share more authority and decision making with other members of the group. Theory Y (Participative Management Style): Effort in work is as natural as work and play. People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organizational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. People usually accept and often seek responsibility. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population. In industry the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilized. A more popular view of the relationship found in the work place between managers and workers, is explained in the concepts of Theory Y. This theory assumes that people are creative and eager to work. Workers tend to desire more responsibility than Theory X workers, and have strong desires to participate in the decision making process. Theory Y workers are comfortable in a working environment which allows creativity and the opportunity to become personally involved in organizational planning. Some assumptions about Theory Y workers are emphasized in one of the texts, namely that this type of worker is far more prevalent in the work place than are Theory X workers. For instance, it is pointed out that ingenuity, creativity, and imagination are increasingly present throughout the ranks of the working population. These people not only accept responsibility, but actively seek increased authority. According to another of the authors studied for this project, in which the participative (Theory Y) leadership style is discussed, a participative leader shares decisions with the group. Also mentioned, are subtypes to this type of leader, namely the Democratic leader who allows the members of the working group to vote on decisions, and the Consensual leader who encourages group discussions and decisions which reflect the consensus of the group. A Laissez-Fair Style: A laissez-fair style is where the manager observes that members of group are working well on their own. The manager consciously makes a decision to pass the focus of power to members, to allow them freedom of action to do as they think best. And not to interfere; but is readily available if help is needed, There is often confusion over this style of leadership behavior. The world genuine is emphasized because this is to be contrasted with the manager who could not care, who deliberately keeps away from the trouble of sports and does not want to get involved. The manager just lets members of the group get on with the work in hand. Members are left to face decision which rightly belongs with the manager. This is more a non-style of leadership or it could perhaps be labeled as abdication. Management Styles at HSBC: The qualities required in individuals by HSBC reflect a lot about their approach towards the management style. These quality individuals are: Responsive: Who always try to anticipate and act quickly to ensure we meet and exceed our customers ever-changing expectations. Respectful: Individuals who look for the value in everyone. Fair: Who reward our customers for the commitment they give to us. Progressive: Who are driven by the belief that we can shape a better future. Perceptive: Who look harder, in order to understand things more deeply, and this informs everything we do. The management empowers employees and builds a trust with the employees to deliver the brand promise effectively. Every department has efficient staff available to help the customers but for more specific needs and decision making, the branch managers play the role. Leadership Leadership is a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect real, intended change. (Kevin Freiberg and Jackie Freiberg, NUTS! Southwest Airlines Crazy Recipe for Business and Personal Success, Bard Press, 1996, p. 298) Three important parts of this definition are the terms relationship, mutual, and collaborators. Relationship is the connection between people. Mutual means shared in common. Collaborators cooperate or work together. This definition of leadership says that the leader is influenced by the collaborators while they work together to achieve an important goal. Leadership is the ability to command acceptance by a group of people and thus, get them to do what the leader wants. The person providing this direction and commanding acceptance is called the leader. From this definition of leadership, it is obvious that the leader is the person whom others accept to show them the way. However, you probably are aware that a leader can be imposed on a group of people against their will. For example, a military coup can bring a leader to power. This leader was not voted for or accepted by his people. But he ascended the leadership seat by virtue of military might or military intrigues. Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right things (Warren Bennis and Peter Drucker) Leadership Styles Types of Leadership Style: Four of the most basic leadership styles are: Autocratic Bureaucratic Laissez-faire Democratic Autocratic Leadership Autocratic leadership: is an extreme form of transactional leadership, where a leader exerts high levels of power over his or her employees or team members. People within the team are given few opportunities for making suggestions, even if these would be in the teams or organizations interest. Many people resent being treated like this. Because of this, autocratic leadership often leads to high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover. Also, the teams output does not benefit from the creativity and experience of all team members, so many of the benefits of teamwork are lost. For some routine and unskilled jobs, however, this style can remain effective, where the advantages of control outweigh the disadvantages. Bureaucratic Leadership : Bureaucratic leaders work by the book, ensuring that their staff follow procedures exactly. This is a very appropriate style for work involving serious safety risks (such as working with machinery, with toxic substances or at heights) or where large sums of money are involved (such as cash-handling).In other situations, the inflexibility and high levels of control exerted can demoralize staff, and can diminish the organizations ability to react to changing external circumstances. Democratic Leadership or Participative Leadership : Although a democratic leader will make the final decision, he or she invites other members of the team to contribute to the decision-making process. This not only increases job satisfaction by involving employees or team members in whats going on, but it also helps to develop peoples skills. Employees and team members feel in control of their own destiny, and so are motivated to work hard by more than just a financial reward. As participation takes time, this style can lead to things happening more slowly than an autocratic approach, but often the end result is better. It can be most suitable where team working is essential, and where quality is more important than speed to market or productivity. Laissez-Faire Leadership This French phrase means leave it be and is used to describe a leader who leaves his or her colleagues to get on with their work. It can be effective if the leader monitors what is being achieved and communicates this back to his or her team regularly. Most often, laissez-faire leadership works for teams in which the individuals are very experienced and skilled self-starters. Unfortunately, it can also refer to situations where managers are not exerting sufficient control. Leadership vs. Management A leader can be a manager, but a manager is not necessarily a leader. The leader of the work group may emerge informally as the choice of the group. If a manager is able to influence people to achieve the goals of the organization, without using his or her formal authority to do so, then the manager is demonstrating leadership. Motivation Definition: Motivation is the processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs is the most well-known theory of motivation. He hypothesized that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs: (See Exhibit 6-1). Physiological: Includes hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs Safety: Includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm Social: Includes affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship Esteem: Includes internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement; and external esteem factors such as status, recognition, and attention. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs If Maslows theory is true, there are some very important  leadership implications to  enhance workplace motivation. There are  staff motivation opportunities  by motivating each employee through their style of management, compensation plans, role definition, and company activities. Application of Maslows Theory If Maslows theory is true, there are some very important  leadership implications to  enhance workplace motivation. There are  staff motivation opportunities  by motivating each employee through their style of management, compensation plans, role definition, and company activities. Safety Needs: Provide a working environment which is safe, relative job security, and freedom from threats. Social Needs:  Generate a feeling of acceptance, belonging, and community by reinforcing team dynamics. Relationship between Theories of Motivation All companies seek to motivate their employees for a very simple reason; a motivated employee is a high producer. In todays workplace, many complex and sophisticated plans have been put in place towards this end; some companies offer a variety of incentives to meet the different needs and expectations of the different personalities employed there. Motivation is an individual thing; in other words, the same things do not motivate all people. Abraham Maslow outlines a pyramid-shaped theory that is the basis for most motivation theories that followed. They will then design and implement an action plan to increase the motivational factors in their own organization. Some of their action steps are discussed. The lowest level of Maslows pyramid of needs relates to every humans survival needs or by physiological needs, which include hunger, thirst and shelter are at this level (Robbins, 2001). TASK 4 Team Work A small number of people with complemen-tary skills who are committed to a common purpose, common performance goals, and an approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. -G. Moorhead and R.W. Griffin When people listen carefully to each other, when they seek and take seriously each others opinions, when they make use of each others competencies and expertise, they are involved in teamwork. Situations like, a football team, a marriage, a project at work, or a math team, may come and go. It requires no special structure, only an opportunity for two or more people to engage collaboratively and cooperatively in undertaking some task. Teamwork in the workplace is something to be expected in our organizations today. Senior leadership teams, functional and intact teams, special project teams, play an important role to the success of any business. However, finding, creating, and maintaining effective a high performance team is much more difficult. No group of people is automatically entitled to teamwork just because they are smart, talented, and are working together. Teamwork in the workplace is subject to countless challenges as different personalities, talents and expertise, values, and working styles are merged together. Group Working A collection of individuals, the members accept a common task, become interdependent in their performance, and interact with one another to promote its accomplishment Harold H. Kelley and J.W. Thibaut Various Types of Groups Friendship groups Interest Groups Formal groups Informal Groups Small groups Large groups Primary groups Secondary groups Coalitions Membership groups Reference groups Command groups Task groups Good group work has great potential for the following reasons: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Individuals are encouraged to become active rather than passive learners by developing collaborative and co-operative skills, and lifelong learning skills. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It encourages the development of critical thinking skills. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It requires the establishment of an environment of support, trust and co-operative learning can be nurtured. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It promotes learning and achievement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Students have the opportunity to learn from and to teach each other. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Deep rather than surface approaches to learning are encouraged. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It facilitates greater transfer of previous knowledge and learning. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It enhances social skills and interactions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Learning outcomes are improved. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Large numbers of individuals can be catered for and work on the task simultaneously. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Interaction and co-operation on a micro scale is facilitated thus decreasing a sense of isolation felt by some. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Quiet individuals have an opportunity to speak and be heard in small groups thus overcoming the anonymity and passivity associated with large groups. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Individuals get the chance to work on large projects (larger in scope or complexity than individual tasks). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It can save time and requires a shared workload. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Alternative ideas and points of view can be generated. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Individuals develop and practice skills in: decision making, problem solving, values clarification, communication, critical thinking, negotiation, conflict resolution, and teamwork. Team Working at HSBC The whole is greater than the sum of the parts. This is a phrase that very much applies to HSBC. Although, as an organization HSBC a leader in the world of financial services. It is the power and reach of each of our local teams working together, which make HSBC such a successful and fast growing business. Recognizing the importance of local knowledge is a key message of HSBC advertising but it is not merely this. It is a value the HSBC live by. The employees work as a team to perform daily operations seamlessly.