Joy Luck Club essays

Joy Luck Club essays This movie the Joy Luck Club was not that bad. When I first watched this movie, I got bored because the scenes of the movie jumped from one story to another. I did not like that type of movie. But then again, I saw this when I was young. The following paragraph is a brief summary of this movie. At the beginning of the movie, the scene started with a reunion of Suyuans three friends An-mei, Lindo, and Ying-Ying. This reunion is more of a meeting of the Joy Luck Club. Suyuan left China in 1947 during the war after loosing her family and her twin daughters. The twin daughters still remained a mystery of whether or not they are still alive. She settled in San Francisco; she now remarried and has a daughter named June. As growing up, June struggled of understanding her Mom. Her Mom forced her to play the piano by making her practice daily. Both Suyuan and Lindo are very competitive. They like to show off their daughters talent. Waverly is Lindos daughter, and she is a chess prodigy. When Suyuan died, they never did completely resolve their differences. So at that meeting, one of Suyuans friends told June that her sisters are still alive and that she should go and visit them. As the novel ends, she meets her sisters in Shanghai. The second scene focuses on An-mei, who lives with her grandmother because her mother has been disowned. When An-mei is nine, her grandmother dies; and An-mei leaves with her mother to live in the home of a wealthy man and his other wives. An-mei learns how her mother was forced into a dishonorable second marriage and why she has no control over her own life. Her mothers subsequent suicide provides An-mei a better life. An-mei came to San Francisco and got married, and they have seven kids, including Rose. Roses husband was a dermatologist named Ted. Their marriage did not work because he had an affair and now they are divorce. Rose is overwhel...

The History of Google and How It Was Invented

The History of Google and How It Was Invented Search engines, or internet portals, have been around since the early days of the internet. But it was Google,  a relative latecomer, that would go on to become the premier destination for finding just about anything on the World Wide Web. Definition of a Search Engine A search engine is a program that searches the internet and finds webpages for you based on the keywords that you submit. There are several parts to a search engine, such as: Search engine software, including boolean operators, search fields, and display formatSpider or crawler software that reads web pagesA databaseAlgorithms that rank results for relevancy Inspiration Behind the Name The very popular search engine called Google was invented by computer scientists  Larry Page and Sergey Brin.  The site was named after a googol- the name for the number 1 followed by 100 zeros- found in the book Mathematics and the Imagination by Edward Kasner and James Newman. To the sites founders, the name represents the immense amount of information that a search engine has to sift through. Backrub, PageRank, and Delivering Search Results In 1995, Page and Brin met at Stanford University while they were  graduate students in computer science. By January 1996, the pair began collaborating on writing a program for a search engine dubbed Backrub, named after its ability to do backlink analysis. The project resulted in a widely popular  research paper titled The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine. The search engine was unique in that it used a technology they developed called  PageRank, which  determined a websites relevance by taking into account  the number of pages, along with the importance of the pages, that linked back to the original site. At the time, search engines ranked results based on how often a search term appeared on a webpage. Next, fueled by the rave reviews that Backrub received, Page and Brin began working on developing Google. It was very much a shoestring project at the time. Operating out of their dorm rooms, the pair built a server network using cheap, used, and borrowed personal computers. They even maxed their credit cards buying terabytes of disks at discount prices. They first tried to license their search engine technology but failed to find anyone that wanted their product at an early stage of development. Page and Brin then decided to keep Google in the meantime and seek more financing, improve the product, and take it to the public themselves when they had a polished product. Initial Funding The strategy worked, and after more development, the Google search engine eventually turned into  a hot commodity. Sun Microsystems co-founder  Andy Bechtolsheim was so impressed that after a quick demo of Google, he told the pair, Instead of us discussing all the details, why dont I just write you a check? Bechtolsheims check was for $100,000 and was made out to Google Inc., despite the fact that Google as a legal entity did not exist yet. That next step didnt take long, however. Page and Brin incorporated on September 4, 1998. The check also enabled them to raise $900,000 more for their initial round of funding. Other angel investors included Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos.   With sufficient funds, Google Inc. opened its first office in  Menlo Park, California.  Google.com, a beta (test status) search engine, was launched and answered 10,000 search queries every day.  On September 21, 1999, Google officially removed the beta from its title. Rise to Prominence   In 2001, Google filed for and received a patent for its PageRank technology that listed Larry Page as the inventor. By then, the company had relocated to a larger space in nearby Palo Alto. After the company finally went public, there were concerns that the one-time startups rapid growth would change the company culture, which was based on the company motto, Do No Evil. The pledge reflected a commitment by the founders and all employees to carry out their work with objectivity and without conflicts of interest and bias. To ensure the company stayed true to its core values, the position of chief culture officer was established. During the period of rapid growth, the company introduced a variety of products, including Gmail, Google Docs, Google Drive, Google Voice, and a web browser called Chrome. It also acquired streaming video platform YouTube and Blogger.com. More recently, there have been forays into different sectors. Some examples are Nexus (smartphones), Android (mobile operating system), Pixel (mobile computer hardware), a smart speaker (Google Home), broadband (Google Fi), Chromebooks, (laptops), self-driving cars, and numerous other ventures.  Advertising revenue generated by search requests remains its biggest earnings driver, however. In 2015, Google underwent a restructuring of divisions and personnel under the conglomerate name Alphabet. Sergey Brin became president of the newly formed parent company, while Larry Page is the CEO. His position at Google was filled with the promotion of  Sundar Pichai. Collectively, Alphabet and its subsidiaries consistently rank among the top 10 most valuable companies in the world.  Its often also cited among the most influential and admired companies as well.

Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report - Coursework Example This structure is useful to some extent as innovative employees are given the freedom to create new technologies and experiment with them sans any fear of failure. However, this structure also runs the risk of having no leadership in times of crisis, thus harming risk management. In addition, motivation at the company suffers as a result of this organizational structure (Edidin, 2011: p42). Valve does not have visionary leadership that can articulate the company vision to employees, instead relying on their employee handbook to orient and direct employees. Valve also faces potential problems with mentoring employees because of its organizational culture. This report will seek to conduct a case study of Valve Corporation with regards to its organizational structure and motivation of employees. Valve Corporation’s organizational structure and architecture are flat in nature with no managers to manage the more than 300 employees. One of the most interesting aspects of Valve Corporation’s organizational structure is its flat and organic nature. The organic theory of organizational structure posits that an organization’s organic structure is directly linked to a flat structure (Takahara & Mesarovic, 2012: p22). Because there are no managers in the company or management levels for that matter, the employees can communicate more easily with one another, while they also have the power to make decisions. In addition, the organic theory holds that business processes are not formalized, which can be evidenced at Valve Corporation that has no fixed description for employee positions. It is the employees who elect the groups and jobs they would want to work in for a particular period of time. The job descriptions are created by the employees according to the spec ific goals of a project, of which the job descriptions are, therefore, temporary and hold only until the project is completed. This means that there is flexibility in job description within the organization

All population and surveillance the keys to Chinese governmentality as Essay

All population and surveillance the keys to Chinese governmentality as in Europe - Essay Example Borrowing a leaf from one another in development of the state of affairs for human life has been a major practice between societies in the recent human history. Political ideologies have reduced the pace of achievement of a liberal society (Sherman, 2008). Communism in China and capitalism in Europe for instance present a different opportunity for the achievement of such a society. Modern age politics seem to be favoured by a more liberalized approach which integrates government and citizen input towards realization of governmentality. Democracy has been a capitalist ideology well established among the majority of European countries while communist ideology for instance well established in China has taken long to embrace it. Even though China has witnessed many changes especially in economic performance to realize a world podium for economic growth, some pressing issues still persist to acquire complete transformations. Changes in economic systems to accommodate a more liberal state and opening of its doors to international trade are good pointers to better things in the future. Population polices should go deeper than just reducing the numbers but follow ups to ensure that the necessary modern world features balanced with assurance of democratic rights are guaranteed. Stringent measures to reduce hazardous population rise could be handled in other means other than dictatorial force (Eberstadt, 1994). Tracing the population based policy in the context of government ideology from the early Chinese politics, it is apparent that the effect of Liu, Song and Liang Zhongtang is a key factor in the development of the Chinese population policies. While Liu and Song were more educated and held population issues more passionately just like Liang did, even though they held opposing views on population policies. On one hand, Liu and group were of the view that one

Lean Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Lean Supply Chain Management Essay Manufacturing, Fall River, MA, USA Abstract Lean supply is closely associated with enabling ? ow and the elimination of wasteful variation within the supply chain. However, lean operations depend on level scheduling and the growing need to accommodate variety and demand uncertainty has resulted in the emergence of the concept of agility. This paper explores the role of inventory and capacity in accommodating such variation and identi? es how TRIZ separation principles and TOC tools may be combined in the integrated development of responsive and ef? cient supply chains. A detailed apparel industry case study is used to illustrate the application of these concepts and tools. r 2003 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Agile; Trade-offs; Lean; Quick response 1. Introduction Outsourcing manufacture to low cost overseas suppliers is an attractive lure in our global economy, but often undertaken without adequate regard for the market needs and the corresponding demands on the associated delivery systems. Products compete in different ways in different markets and delivery systems need to be designed with this in mind. Offshore supply offers attractive cost bene? ts, but the trade-off is often high levels of inventory to support a slower response capability.

Human Cloning is Against Gods Will :: reproductive technology

Human Cloning is Against God's Will When I first began this essay, I held no stance on the subject of human cloning. After my initial research, I came to the conclusion that there was no real evidence that human cloning should be illegal. My first draft however lacked good arguments. I’ve since returned to the library and took a new look at the problem. And, after more research my stance was changed. Human cloning, while bringing some good, is not God’s will, and any God fearing human should consider human cloning wrong. There are many good reasons why human cloning should not be outlawed. Parents unable to have children could clone themselves. â€Å"If and when human cloning becomes possible, it will represent little more than another step in reproductive technology and one that individuals would be free to choose if they desire† (Hines). The children, being genetic replicas of the parents, would be true offspring. This would comfort the parents in the fact that they truly lived on through their children. This technology could also bring great things to the medical world. â€Å"The technology of cloning may well allow biotechnologists to develop animals which will grow human-compatible organs for transplant. Cloning is likely to be first used to create animals that produce valuable therapeutic hormones, enzymes, and proteins† (Bailey 2). These advances could save many human lives, all through cloning. The cloning of humans could also be applied to endangered animals.  "Cloning something as extinct as the stars of Jurassic Park remains fiction, but Lanza has just received permission from Spain to clone the bucardo, a mountain goat that became extinct when a tree fell on ‘Celia,’ the last of its kind. The tissue was frozen; if it can be cloned in the egg of a common ibex, the bucardo would live again. ‘We hope to have live bucardo kids by early summer,’ says Lanza† (Begley 3). We could take action against the deaths of whole species. This technology could turn the world on its head. However, just like test tube babies were denounced in the sixty’s, we now do the same with cloning. Before the technology has even entered the door, we ask it to leave by not only banning the idea but any research on it. Nevertheless, with enough research these things could be a reality in the future.

Motivation Paper – Organization Behavior

The subject of human motivation is quite complicated for a number of reasons. Firstly, humans mature more slowly than any other organisms on this planet, and for this, the motivational tendencies are acquired more slowly too. Secondly, the individual is dependent on many of his fundamental satisfactions on other people; this is illustrated on his/her use of symbolic language to communicate these needs to others. Motivation is defined as the concept that represents the fundamental influence that drives behavior and providing its direction (Morris et al., 1999, p 284).In organizational behavior the principles in the study of behavior, especially on motivational theories, are applied in the workplace. Such theories help explain what motivates people in their attitudes toward work, their employers and other aspects of employment in general. One major motivational model or theory more often used in organizations and industries is the theory by Abraham Maslow. More prominently called as th e hierarchy of needs, this theory explains an individual’s needs on different levels.On the theory, Maslow defines basic or fundamental needs as the individual’s biological needs like hunger, thirst and rest. Maslow believes that on this basic level lies the â€Å"evolution† of the other so-called â€Å"higher† needs. If the lower levels are not satisfied, the implications mean the individual cannot or will not move onto the higher levels (Morris et al., 1999, p.302).   Maslow’s theory became a phenomenal one especially in industry because of its humanistic desirability; they seemed significant to people. It helps clarify why some work incentives are not effective for some people and situations. And managers in work settings can implement interventions in their workplaces based on their understanding of human behavior according to the hierarchy of needs (Berry, 2002, p. 240).Figure 1.1 The following pyramid diagram illustrates Maslow’s hie rarchical levels where the â€Å"more basic needs must be largely satisfied before higher motives can emerge.† Morris et al. 1999 in A.H.Maslow. Copyright Ó1954 by Harper & Row.Application4D industries’ top management has emphasized productivity as its top priority but where quality of service and loyalty to the company are not to be compromised. However, the company wanted a clear cut procedure on how this will be carried out. The services of OAKZ consultancy was asked to address 4D’s concerns. OAKZ consultancy drew a blueprint with an initial focus on 4D’s administrative staff. The rationale: 4D’s administrative staff has the direct supervision on the company’s production.They also become the top management’s echo or voice regarding company policies and direction; hence, the administrative staff’s critical role in the sales and production or rank and file workers’ output. When the staff doesn’t perform to th eir utmost, this has a domino effect on the whole workforce. This was further enlightened by OAKZ’ consultancy leadership. After a survey from all levels to look into concerns or problems that plague the company, the OD (Organization Development) consultant gave the following recommendations.Since 4D (population 780 inclusive of -rank & file and middle management/administrative staff) is quite huge by rural/county standards, the company has tried to make their interventions as much as possible on a collective manner rather than on an individual set-up. Motivating the 150 administrative staff members to function to their utmost includes 1.) Looking into their status in the company, whether how many are probationary, casuals, contractuals, and permanent,   to determine the extra incentives they will be receiving; 2.) What privileges and perks have they received as a collective group and as individuals, so far; 3.)What forms will the incentives take: i.e. cash and/or travel pr ivileges, others; 4.) The measures that 4D will use to be able to assess the effects of the incentives to the individual workers (HR Metrics). The OD consultant from OAKZ pointed out that based on the Maslow model (above), an assumption is made that these staff members will perform better when their first three level needs will be secured and this is done through the following step: the company should start to give away additional compensation in the form of increased salary commensurate to the output (quality time, punctuality, initiative, attitude, and participation in meetings and work discussions, etc.) of staff members. Underlying principle:This addresses the satisfaction of biological needs; Security Needs (can provide for more than food plus how to make the home more safe etc);   and Belongingness Needs (more freedom to enjoy friendships because they can now afford, or fiends will appreciate them because they are no longer dependent on other people).   The second importan t feature of the proposed program or scheme is the rotation basis (will schedule) for staff members (could either be by twos) to attend national and/or international conferences for professional growth according to their specialty or would-be specialty. This addresses their Esteem and Self-actualization needs.Today, with the monitoring and guidance of the OD from OAKZ consultancy, 4D industries have started to implement the long-term program. There is high morale in the workplace and the rank and file and production people are influenced by the contagious self-confidence of the middle management. There are rumors circulating around that the next plan will soon include their numbers.Reference:1.   Berry, Lilly M.1997. Psychology at Work An introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw Hill.2. Morris, Charles G., and Maisto Albert A., 1999. Understanding Psychology 4th Ed. Prentice Hall. New Jersey.

The comparison of Ben Jonson`s The Alchemist

The comparison of two plays studied in the second semester of the BA English Studies degree This essay is going to look at two plays studied in the second semester of the BA English studies degree- Ben Jonson ‘s The Alchemist and John Webster ‘s The Duchess of Malfl. The essay is going to look at the context of both of these plays, considering that it has had influence on the plot of the plays. There will be a brief pr ©cis of the contents of plays given to be able to discuss differences and similarities of both plays and try to find reasons for them.The satire functions in both plays will also be revealed in this essay. The essay is going to look at satire functions trough different themes that are revealed in both plays such as greed, gender, sexuality, social disintegration and others. Looking at these themes will again refer to the context of the plays to show how important it was at the time when authors created their works and what role does it play nowadays when audience become acquainted with these plays. When looking at any work of literature, the context of the time period, when this piece of work had been created is very important.It tells the reader what was happening at the time and gives him the chance to comprehend how it ffected the work of authors. Both of discussed plays had been created in the seventeenth century which is the early modern period of Europe, therefore these plays have specific differences from the plays that had been created earlier. There are significances of modern literature distinguishable in these plays. Seventeenth century was the zenith of Renaissance and it has been reflected in both plays. There is Italian influence observed in these plays.It has affected the language of texts, the description of settings, character names and other components of plays. References of Italy, Italian and Latin languages are used in texts. An obvious example is the play The Duchess of Malfl which is situated in Italy, uses It alian names for characters and includes the Italian language in the text. ‘A number of important critical contributions over the last decade treat Webster's play as a post-Reformation phenomenon written during a more settled period of the established Anglcan Church.However, English Protestantism still found its identity in relation to the faith it had renounced, namely Catolicism, whose home was Italy where Webster sets The Duchess' (Lucky] 77). When looking at the context of the time, the economic and political conditions in he country are very important as well. The time when these two plays had been created was Jacobean England revealing a particular condition of the country. Satire on different themes in plays can be seen as a response to this condition. A twofold political crisis was looming. The financial needs of the crown, as inflation eroded the yield of crown lands, had increasingly through the sixteenth century to be met by parliament, and under James I the relation ship between crown and parliament was beginning to manitest the serious tensions that were to result in the civil war' Conson 9). Authors of the time were worried about the situation in the country and therefore they discussed issues related to important events in their works.Another reason why they wanted to talk about them was to inform people about what is happening in the country. As situation seemed not very comfortable for English people, authors decided to use satire to let the audience see the happening from aside. Sarcasm was also used to let the audience relax from usual stressful life and have a bit of laugh whilst enjoying the play, at the same time understanding that it reveals the situation of Jacobean England. Religious position of the country plays a big role as well. England was an officially Protestant country, the citizens of which were, by law, members of the Church of England. The Elizabethan religious settlement had, nevertheless, compromised on certain key iss ues of reform in order to accommodate those who might otherwise have been reluctant to accept the new religion, and also to forestall reprisals by the Catholic powers of Europe' Conson 9). As changes in the religious condition of England were going on, the Religion was a very common theme in Jacobean plays.Both of discussed plays include the theme of Religion. All of these current events and positions affected plays at the time because these are the things which interest the audience and makes plays popular. Nothing is more important for people than what is going on around them in their lives, therefore the context of the literature work is very important. The content of both plays is quite different but there can be themes found which are discussed in both plays. This again refers to the context of the time, because themes of plays completely depend on it.The Alchemist is a story about three of the play ‘s central characters, Face, Subtle and Dorothy, who have entered into a contract by which they agree to work together for their mutual benefit- achieving wealthiness for all of them. The scene is set for a comedy of fraudulent characters and their potential victims. As the plot develops the trio struggle to work together because they cannot control each of their desires. The trio ‘s unscrupulous activities stop when Lovewit, the master of the house unexpectedly comes back.The threesome then turn upon each other and the most accomplished trickster of all wins at the end. This is a great comedy satirising greed in Jacobean society. The comedy gives releasing ending by showing that the biggest fraudster of all wins. This is sarcasm on what happens in the real life. The Duchess of Malfl is a story of the widowed Duchess of Malfl who secretly marries her steward Antonio, despite the opposition of her brothers, Duke Ferdinand and the Cardinal.Bosola, a malcontent courtier, is hired by the brothers to discover the secret husband ‘s identity, but th e Duchess bears three children without anyone knowing who the father is. Later, the Duchess is imprisoned and eventually murdered, together with her maidservant Cariola and two of her children. Bosola, who has turned against the brothers, then kills the Ferdinand. The Duchess and the eldest child of Antonio survive and remain thinking about his maternal inheritance. This play is a study of revenge, unlike the comic plot of The Alchemist this is a tragic story with characters dying at the end.It seems like both of these plays are very different but looking closer, it appears that there are similarities in them. Both of the plays reveal present events of the time and both of them satirise these events, they show how England as a country was seen at the time. The most significant difference etween these two plays is the genre, one ot them is a comedy, the other- tragedy, but not taking that into account, the viewer can see that both authors have tried to address the audience in the sam e way, satirising the most common events of their lives in their plays.The reason of different plots of the plays is different standpoints of the authors, but the key ideas are displayed at the same way in both plays. Satire works in both of the plays through different themes. Authors use sarcasm to make plays more interesting and exciting, usually satirising domestic themes. One of the most common themes satirised in Jacobean plays was the greed. The financial situation in the country was unstable therefore everyone tried to get something better for themselves to provide their material status.People were ready to do everything to get something to hold on to and this was very often satirised in the plays. The Alchemist is a striking example of satirised greed in the play. The main aim of all the main characters of the play is to obtain infinite treasure and they are willing to undertake any obligations to reach their aim. Greed is also noticeable in The Duchess of Malfl, in characte rs Ferdinand and the Cardinal, because their action is the result of their greed when they confiscate the Duchess ‘s property and get her banished from the state of Ancona.This play shows the result of the greed when one of the brothers dies at the end, proving that plays not only satirise events but also enlightens viewers and teaches them to not allow the same mistakes as characters in the plays do. Another important theme satirised in The Duchess of Malfl is the status of women and the role of gender in the society. Woman in that period of the time was upposed to be submissive and calm, however, the Duchess went against her brother ‘s wishes and remarried, and this is the reason of the tragedy which would not happen if the Duchess would act like she was supposed to.The play shows that women at the time had no right to have their own point of view and act without coordinating with men; it also shows what happened if someone went against the assumed rules. Both of the p lays satirises the social class system in the Jacobean England. There are members of all social classes shown in the plays revealing the ndications of the social status. Sexuality is also satirised in plays, for example the character of Sir Epicure Mammon in The Alchemist who dreams of drinking the elixir of youth and enjoying fantastic sexual conquests.All of these satirised themes show what worried authors and the audience at the time. Looking at these plays nowadays helps the learner to understand the Jacobean time period in the history of England and see what affected plays at that time. Now the reader can also call together the history of England and nowadays, see what issues had affected English literature and ow it has formed. Looking at two plays from the Jacobean time period has shown that the context of the time has had the biggest influence on the playwrights and their work.Even though Jonson and Webster have created absolutely different plays, they seem to reveal the sam e ideas. Both of the plays satirise themes that had been important at the time and are still important nowadays. Authors used sarcasm to let the audience enjoy the play but also to educate viewers about the situation in the country. Playwrights revealed very important matters in their plays like social tatuses, roles of gender and sexuality, the greediness of people and others and this shows that the audience gets both, emotional and intellectual release when reading or watching these plays.

Comparative analysis of the Promotional Strategies for Red Bull and Coca

Comparative analysis of the Promotional Strategies for Red Bull and Coca Introduction Organisations deploy promotion as a technique of moving their products and services into the market. Technically, promotion refers to â€Å"the advancement of a product, idea, or point of view through publicity and or advertising† (Kurtz 2010, p.13). It has the repercussion of increasing demand of the products and hence the sale volume (Slater Olson 2001, p.1055: Narasimhan 1990, p.243).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Comparative analysis of the Promotional Strategies for Red Bull and Coca-Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper proposes a project entangling conducting a comparative analysis of the promotional techniques that are deployed by Coca-Cola and Red Bull to promote their energy drinks. The choice of this area of research is influenced by the revelation that both companies are ideally engaging in competitive promotional techniques. For instance, Coca Cola has resulted to cre ating awareness of its large pool of products through sports promotions such as the sponsoring of Olympics games. Much similar to this strategy, Red Bull considers and has committed a large portion of its profits in the past in sponsoring sporting activities that cause hefty amusements such as acrobatic and street skateboarding shows and others. Red bull is also a leading sponsor of formula 1 competition while Coca-Cola is also considering sponsoring the same competitions (Sylt 2012, Para. 3). With this competition in promotional techniques deployed by both companies to push their energy drinks into the market in mind, the main question to be answered by the proposed research project is how effective these techniques are in terms of enabling both companies to capture and retain their market shares for their energy drinks. Aims and objectives The objectives of the research are to Analyze comparatively the promotional techniques that are deployed by both Red Bull and Coca-Cola to win markets share for their energy drinks globally. Use the information acquired from the analysis to explain the success of both Red Bull and Coca-Cola in placing and positioning their energy drinks products in a manner that out powers their competitors. However, the main aim of the project is to recommend stronger promotional strategic idea to Coca Cola’s ‘Relentless’ as a good competitor in the market, as Relentless is far away from Red Bull’s promotional strategies Literature Review Various forms of competition have prompted myriads of organisations that are aiming at being globally competitive to seek new methods of marketing their products (Freimer Horsky 2008, p.799). â€Å"Competitive advantage is secured through an intelligent identification and satisfaction of customers’ needs better than competitors and sustenance of customers’ satisfaction through better customer service tools† (Obasan Soyebo 2012, p.1). In the attempt to a cquire requisite responses from the potential customers, marketers deploy a myriad of tools. These tools are termed as marketing mix. McCarthy (1999) coined and used P’s to describe these marketing mixes in which he argues that the umbrella of the marketing mix comprises the price, promotion, and product, and place (p.24). With the appropriate combination of these elements, an organisation can develop a strategy that will enable it reach large numbers of people within the target segments (Shannon1996, p.57). However, in the determination of these mixes, the time through which changes can be effected is crucial.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this end, Obasan and Soyebo (2012) assert, â€Å"Typically, a firm can change its price, sales-force size, and advertising expenditures in the short run† (p.2). On the other hand, an organisation will have to take a lot of time to create new products. Consistent with this argument, Obasan and Soyebo (2012) reckon, â€Å"firms typically make fewer period-to-period marketing-mix changes in the short run than the number of marketing-mix decision variables might suggest† (p.2). Among the four 4P’s, promotion (communication) is the element of the marketing mix principally aimed at helping to win a market share for a company. Products can be promoted in valid ways, which are realised through a variety of media options. With regard to Kurtz (2010), â€Å"promoters use the internet advertisement, special events, endorsements, and newspapers to advertise their products† (p.67). Tantamount to this claim, both Coca-Cola and Red Bull have embraced various media to promote their energy drinks. For instance, â€Å"from localised marketed adaptation, Red Bull looks to standardise its marketing strategies, advertising, and image through communication in extreme sports, as this i s consistent worldwide† (Louvet 2011, Para.16). This strategy could be incredibly effective in enabling the company to hike its sales for Red bull’s energy drink. In most instances, the sporting games are normally watched across the globe. According to Louvet’s (2011) insight, â€Å"Red Bull’s innovative communication strategy aims to invest massively (15% of its turnover every year) in sponsoring athletes and even entire teams in specific sports, which offer dramatic shows, which are watched all over the planet† (Para.17). This will consume an enormous portion of Red Bull’s profits. Therefore, the proposed research will focus on evaluating whether such a strategy is worthy. In case of the Coca-Cola Company, the research will investigate the strategies put in place by the company to sponsoring sports as a mechanism of ensuring that its marketing campaigns for her energy drinks, particularly ‘Relentless’, reach an incredibly large number of people. This quest is arrived at through consideration of Malcolm‘s argument that Coca-Cola utilises the Olympics games and other sporting events to ruthlessly promote her energy products. Additionally, Coca-Cola Company argues, â€Å"As one of the longest continuous sponsors of the Olympic Movement, we are proud that we are able to use our sponsorship to enable millions of people to experience the Gameswe have a valid role to play† (Malcolm 2012, Para.8). In the same light, it is also widely conceivable that, without sponsorships, it becomes immensely hard for sportsmen and sports women to display their talents in the international games. Indeed, this stands out as the trick behind Red Bull’s strategic promotion decisions to capitalise on sponsoring sporting activities that cause amusements, which attract large number consumers for her Red bull energy drink (Gerhard 2004, p.8).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Comparative a nalysis of the Promotional Strategies for Red Bull and Coca-Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Now, it will be paramount to evaluate whether Coca Cola’s ‘Relentless’ strategy and Red Bull’s promotional tactics rest on platforms of marketing by conducting an intensive research on the mechanisms deployed by both companies to push ‘Relentless’ and Red bull to the market. The discussions above establish similarities between the promotional techniques of both Red Bull and Coca-Cola as the basis for conducting a research on the effectiveness of the marketing/promotional techniques by both companies. One of the phenomena and iconic marketing strategies of the Red Bull that distinguishes it from the ‘Relentless’ promotional techniques adopted by Coca-Cola is the street promotional strategy. As Louvet (2011) reckons, this is a promotional strategy aimed at ensuring that the company remains close to the consumers as much as possible (Para. 4). Essentially, the promotional strategy involves advertising through a ‘wings team’ whose main objective is to create close relationships with the consumers so that they can discover Red Bull’s product. The ‘wings team’ also â€Å"talks with consumers about this controversial product conveying the information from consumers to the company about their appreciation or dissatisfaction with the product† (Louvet 2011, Para.6). In the context of this research, the question will be how effective the technique is in out powering competing products such as those of the Coca-Cola Company. More often than not, the ‘wings team’ comprises beautiful women. However, as argued before, Red Bull is a globalising company much like Coca-Cola. Consequently, in its street promotional strategy, how does Red Bull counter cultural conflicts especially in nations like those located in the Middle East, which ar e opposed to portrayal of beautiful women as representation of products quality? Opposed to Coca-Cola’s ‘Relentless’ promotional strategies, Red Bull argues that the most substantive methodology of making sure that her Red bull energy drink product is close to consumers is by hiring consumers to execute promotional campaigns. Consequently, the company appoints students as brand managers in colleges and universities. According to Louvet (2011), the main roles of the students’ brands managers are â€Å"to ensure that Red Bull is present at every strategic moment in the students’ social calendar: integration week-end, sportive events, and big parties† (Para.9). However, both companies spend incredible amounts of their money in social media, TV, and other means of advertisements.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More CSR is also an enormous mechanism that is used to bring the products of both Red bull and Coca Cola closer to the consumers. For instance, Kumar (2011) reckons, â€Å"the current promotions through CSR include â€Å"Support my school† campaign with NDTV† (p.347). The question whose response is sought by the proposal with regard to these arguments by conducting a research on the promotional techniques for Red bull and Coca Cola is how both companies quantify the magnitudes of financial commitment in any of the above cited valid approaches used to promote Red bull and Coca Cola. Research Methodology This project utilises two approaches to garner data. The first approach entangles secondary research while the second approach encompasses conducting a primary research. For the first approach, a literature review is completed on the manner in which both Red Bull and Coca-Cola have been promoting i.e. branding, messaging, and positioning Red bull and Coca Cola. The effectiven ess of these approaches in increasing sales volumes of the organisations’ products (Red bull and Coca Cola) is evaluated in the context of the existing body of knowledge on effectiveness of various promotional techniques. In the second instance, the research paper interviews sales managers of both companies in various different outlets for each company’s cited products above. The interview questions focus on areas such as how both companies carry out their market segmentation, how they combine their 4Ps to realise an effective marketing strategy, and methods of marketing communication they deploy. The methods reflected in the interview questions include advertising i.e. Sport Marketing and TV/Cinema. They also include sales promotion such as loyalty and incentives besides public relations such as events, sponsorships, sports-clothes, relationships, and personal selling. Further, they include experimental marketing such as exhibitions. Direct Marketing techniques such a s packaging design and sampling are also considered. Pricing strategies are also incorporated together with digital marketing techniques, which include company websites, social media such as Facebook, twitter and YouTube. To back up the information garnered from the interview questions, an analysis of the sales of Red bull and Coca Cola is conducted. How to gain access to stakeholders To gain access to the necessary stakeholders of the organisations to interview them, calls will be made to book for an interview with them. Since the research must be done in the context of the time frameworks of both organisations, the researcher will fix interview times that are consistent with the time programs of the person to be interviewed. Problems: likely problems, limitations, and methods of resolution Every research method has its advantage sand disadvantages (Wilson 2010, p.56: Bryman Bell 2007, p.31). From one end, this research garners data using secondary means of data collection. This i ntroduces a major problem articulated to the reliability of the data in terms of the data’s ability to reflect an up-to-date situation of the companies under scrutiny. However, this problem is mitigated by deploying primary means of data collection to ensure that up-to-date information is acquired. For this purpose, direct interviews are used to collect the primary data. Unfortunately, problems associated with direct interviews are introduced. One of the major challenges is the unwillingness and the ability of the interviewee to cooperate fully with the study. Since the major problems caused by lack of cooperation in many interviews are related to the perception that the interviewer consumes the interviewees’ time meant to carry out organisational work (Wilson 2010, p.91), conducting research as per prior arrangements with the interviewees helps to mitigate the problem. Project Plan In any project, time is required to prepare for the interviews and or for arranging on how the data will be analysed among other activities. This research will be completed within three months. The table below shows an exclusive plan for all the activities of the research. Time schedule for the research Task activity Start date End date Time remaining Task 1 making call for interview bookings 1/12/2012 5/12/2012 5 Task 2 Development interview questions 6/12/2012 19/12/2012 14 Task 3 Addressing interviewees 4/01/2013 15/01/2013 12 Task 4 Analysis of interview responses 16/01/2013 3/02/2013 18 Task 5 Report compilation 5/02/2013 17/02/2013 13 Task 6 Linking the results of interview responses and the literature review results 23/02/2013 27/02/2013 5 Task 7 Derivation of deductions 28/02/2013 1/03/2013 4 Conclusion This paper is a proposal that seeks to comparatively analyse the promotion techniques that are deployed by Red Bull and Coca-Cola Company to promote their energy drinks into the market. Many organisations consider introducing new products as ample mechanisms of improving the competitiveness of the organisations. However, drawing from the literature review, this is not always the case. While Coca-Cola Company has introduced many energy drinks products to meet the needs of its customers, Red Bull on the other hand has managed to secure an ample share of the energy drinks’ market through only one product (Red bull). One of the critical similarities is that the companies promote sporting activities for instance Olympics for the case of Coca Cola and street skateboarding, ski and formula 1 for the case of Red Bull, as some of the strategies for displaying their products (Red bull and Coca Cola) to the entire world. In the paper, a research is proposed to comparatively analyse the promotional strategies for Red bull and Coca Cola coupled with effectiveness of each of the strategies. The main aim was to to recommend a strong promotion strategic idea to Coca Cola’s Relentless to be a good competitor in the market , as it is currently far away from Red Bull’s strategies. References Bryman, A Bell, E 2007, Business Research Methods, OUP, New York, NY. Freimer, M Horsky, D 2008, ‘Try It, You Will Like It: Does Consumer Learning Lead to Competitive Price Promotions?’, Marketing Science, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 796-810. Gerhard, G 2004, ‘The Powerful Sales Strategy behind Red Bull’, Selling Power Magazine, vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 1-11. Kumar, A 2011, ‘Marketing Mix of Coca-Cola’, Journal of International Marketing, vol.12 no.1, pp. 345-351. Kurtz, D 2010, Contemporary Marketing, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Louvet, C 2011, Red Bull: A Brand Built on Marketing. Web. Malcolm, C 2012, Olympic Sponsorship: Must It Be So Unhealthy? Web. McCarthy, J 1999, Basic Marketing: A Managerial Approach, Irwin, Homewood, IL. Narasimhan, C 1990, ‘Managerial Perspectives on Trade and Consumer Promotions’, Marketing Letters, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 239-251 . Obasan, K Soyebo, A 2012, ‘Assessing the Effectiveness of Promotion as a Marketing Management Tool in the Nigerian Telecommunication Industry’, Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, vol.3 no. 1, pp. 1-6. Shannon, R 1996, ‘The New Promotions Mix: Proposed Paradigm, Process, and Application’, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 56-68. Slater, S Olson, E 2001, ‘Marketing’s Contribution to The Implementation of Business Strategy: An Empirical Analysis’, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1055-1067. Sylt, C 2012, Formula 1 Business: Coca-Cola favors energy drinks brand for sponsorship. Web. Wilson, J 2010, Essentials of Business Research: A Guide to doing your Research Project, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Chemistry Experiments With Pennies

Chemistry Experiments With Pennies Use pennies, nails, and a few simple household ingredients to explore some of the properties of metals: Materials Needed 20-30 dull pennies1/4 cup white vinegar (dilute acetic acid)1 teaspoon salt (NaCl)1 shallow, clear glass or plastic bowl (not metal)1-2 clean steel screws or nailswatermeasuring spoonspaper towels Shiny Clean Pennies Pour the salt and vinegar into the bowl.Stir until the salt dissolves.Dip a penny halfway into the liquid and hold it there for 10-20 seconds. Remove the penny from the liquid. What do you see?Dump the rest of the pennies into the liquid. The cleaning action will be visible for several seconds. Leave the pennies in the liquid for 5 minutes.Proceed to Instant Verdigris! Pennies get dull over time because the copper in the pennies slowly reacts with air to form copper oxide. Pure copper metal is bright and shiny, but the oxide is dull and greenish. When you place the pennies in the salt and vinegar solution, the acetic acid from the vinegar dissolves the copper oxide, leaving behind shiny clean pennies. The copper from the copper oxide stays in the liquid. You could use other acids instead of vinegar, like lemon juice. Instant Verdigris! Note: You want to keep the liquid you used to clean the pennies, so dont dump it down the drain!After the 5 minutes required for Shiny Clean Pennies, take half of the pennies out of the liquid and place them on a paper towel to dry.Remove the rest of the pennies and rinse them well under running water. Place these pennies on a second paper towel to dry.Allow about an hour to pass and take a look at the pennies you have placed on the paper towels. Write labels on your paper towels so you will know which towel has the rinsed pennies.While you are waiting for the pennies to do their thing on the paper towels, use the salt and vinegar solution to make Copper Plated Nails. Rinsing the pennies with water stops the reaction between the salt/vinegar and the pennies. They will slowly turn dull again over time, but not quickly enough for you to watch! On the other hand, the salt/vinegar residue on the unrinsed pennies promotes a reaction between the copper and the oxygen in the air. The resulting blue-green copper oxide is commonly called verdigris. It is a type of patina found on a metal, similar to tarnish on silver. The oxide forms in nature as well, producing minerals such as malachite and azurite. Copper Plated Nails Place a nail or screw so that it is half in and half out of the solution you used to clean the pennies. If you have a second nail/screw, you can let it sit completely immersed in the solution.Do you see bubbles rising from the nail or the threads of the screw?Allow 10 minutes to pass and then take a look at the nail/screw. Is it two different colors? If not, return the nail to its position and check it again after an hour. The copper that coats the nail/screw comes from the pennies. However, it exists in the salt/vinegar solution as positively charged copper ions as opposed to neutral copper metal. Nails and screws are made of steel, an alloy primarily composed of iron. The salt/vinegar solution dissolves some of the iron and its oxides on the surface of the nail, leaving a negative charge on the surface of the nail. Opposite charges attract, but the copper ions are more strongly attracted to the nail than the iron ions, so a copper coating forms on the nail. At the same time, the reactions involving the hydrogen ions from the acid and the metal/oxides produce some hydrogen gas, which bubbles up from the site of the reaction - the surface of the nail or screw. Design Your Own Experiments with Pennies Explore chemistry using pennies and ingredients from your kitchen. Household chemicals that can clean or discolor your pennies include baking soda, vinegar, ketchup, salsa, pickle juice, detergent, soap, fruit juice... the possibilities are limited only by your imagination. Make a prediction about what you think will happen and then see if your hypothesis is supported.

Justice Opinion on Hollingsworth v. Perry Essay

Justice Opinion on Hollingsworth v. Perry - Essay Example In the year 2000, the state of California conceded Proposition 22, which became an initiative ruling reaffirming that understanding. Proposition 22 became invalidated by the Supreme Court which demanded that marriage should be redefined to involve homosexual couples (Eskridge 96). Some six months later, the citizens of California took on Proposition 8 that amended the Constitution of California stating that; only heterosexual marriage is valid and can be the only one recognized within California. Perry, et al sued this proposition claiming that it was violating the rights of equal protection under the 14th Amendment (Egan and Sherrill 203). Outcome In an outstanding, although conceivably transitory, victory for equality in marriage, a state appeal panel of the Court invalidated the infamous Proposition 8 of California, an initiative at the ballot that had overturned homosexual marriage within the state. The 9th Circuit made Romer v. Evans the controlling precedent. In a majority opin ion, it could be affirmed that, Proposition 8 plays no plausible, legitimate interest of the state and the only rationale of the initiative’s upholders would be to declare the immaterial worth of lesbians and gays as a category and could humiliate a disfavored class publicly (Eskridge 127). Of course, the proponents of Proposition 8 disputed that, the constitution has no marriage mention in any way thus; states are obligatory to characterize marriage within the 10th Amendment (Horne, Rostosky and Riggle 362). These proponents also uphold the view that customary marriage definition is rationally linked to the vital interest of the society in necessitating the distinctive procreative possibility of heterosexual relationship in enhanced, stable unions for the principles of procreating and bringing up the coming generations. However, the court argued that, Proposition eight was only trying to uphold anti-equality models in the state. The 9th Circuit majority affirmed that Proposi tion 8 undermined the equal protection clause within the United States’ Constitution (Eskridge 95). Syllabus The legal provisions being appealed in this case involve the 14th and 10th Amendments, the strict scrutiny test, and Proposition 8 that became passed by the California citizens. Under the 14th amendment of the U.S. constitution, the equal protection clause offers that any state whatsoever must not deny to any individual within its command the equal defense of the statute. The 10th Amendment signifies that, states have the authority to control marital matters. The federalism system dictates the powers of policing that the state must possess. In other words, the proponents of Proposition 8 signified that the constitution has no marriage mention in any way thus; states are obligatory to characterize marriage within the 10th Amendment (Lannutti 43). That is; in this docket of power, states have generally had jurisdiction to control marriage. Although, the opponents of Prop osition 8 declare that, the 10th Amendment must not be platform used to jeopardize the citizen’s right of equal protection as affirmed under the 14th Amendment. In the argument regarding the 14th Amendment, it became clarified if the states can amend their constitutions to recognize marriage as the union of one woman and one man and whether it violated the equal protection provision. In this case, Proposition 8 cannot withstand strict scrutiny. That is; the proponents fail to

Cloud Computing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cloud Computing - Case Study Example This is achieved through being allowed to pay at a very low rate the capacity which they use only (AmazonWebService, November 2012). The provision of Software-as-a-Service and Infrastructure-as-a-Service offloads the burden of constantly updating systems both hardware and software from the consumer to service provider. In this regard Ericsson rides on the latest and updated systems handing at no extra cost. Cloud based systems such as the ones offered by AWS are accessed through web APIs which can be remotely accessed from virtually anywhere in the world offering a very flexible and highly convenient system which to international companies such as Erickson redefines global outreach literally. Furthermore Cloud based systems are a 24 hour service which allow round the clock access as a results clients are able to get an on demand availability of their data and systems. On demand systems offered by AWS Allows ericsson to work only with the capacities they require as and when they are n eeded as such no resource goes to waste of idle time and they freed from costs arising from long term planning upgrades and maintenance of systems. The fact that Ericsson runs mobile networks, a real-time on demand availability of their systems offers a cutting edge market advantage over their competitors (Dodani, 2009). Ericsson cloud based systems uses Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Amazon Simple Storage Services (S3), and Rightscale. These are powerful and robust services provided by Amazon designed to simplify cloud computing. Amazon EC2 for example provides a complete control of the system as if it were on premise by allowing users to obtain and configure their systems capacity with a lot of ease. Acquisition and booting a new server through Amazon EC2 has been simplified providing a quick means of either increasing or decreasing capacity depending with system requirements (AmazonWebService, November 2012). This is a highly scalable